1. Mfundo Zazigawo ndi Nyumba Zomangamanga za Alumina Ceramics
1.1 Makongoletsedwe, Crystallography, ndi Phase Security
(Alumina Crucible)
Ma aluminium crucibles ndi zombo zadothi zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri zopangidwa kuchokera ku aluminium oxide. (Al ₂ O AWIRI), imodzi mwazambiri zotsogola zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwake kodabwitsa kwa matenthedwe., makina, ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala.
Gawo lotsogola la crystalline muzitsulo izi ndi alpha-alumina (α-Al awiri O ₃), zomwe zimachokera ku corundum framework– pulani yodzaza ndi hexagonal ya ma ion oxygen okhala ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a ma octahedral interstices okhala ndi ma ion a aluminiyamu opepuka kwambiri..
Kuphatikizika kwa atomiki iyi kumabweretsa mgwirizano wolimba wa ionic ndi covalent, kupereka malo osungunuka kwambiri (2072 °C), kuuma kwambiri (9 pa mlingo wa Mohs), ndi kukana kuzembera ndi kupunduka pamilingo yotentha kwambiri.
Ngakhale aluminiyamu yoyera ndiyabwino pazogwiritsa ntchito zambiri, kufufuza dopants monga magnesium oxide (MgO) Nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa panthawi ya sintering kuti alepheretse kukula kwa mbewu ndikukulitsa kufanana kwa microstructural, chifukwa chake kumawonjezera mphamvu zamakina komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta.
Kuyera kwa gawo la α-Al ₂ O asanu ndikofunikira; magawo osinthira aluminiyamu (mwachitsanzo, c, d, ndi) Mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi kutentha kocheperako amakhala osasunthika ndipo amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwake akasinthidwa kukhala gawo la alpha., zomwe zingayambitse kusweka kapena kulephera pansi pa njinga yamoto yotentha.
1.2 Microstructure ndi Porosity Control mu Crucible Construction
Kuchita kwa alumina crucible kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi microstructure yake, zomwe zimaganiziridwa panthawi yonse yokonza ufa, kutukuka, ndi siteji sintering.
Mafuta a aluminiyamu apamwamba kwambiri (kawirikawiri 99.5% ku 99.99% Al ₂ O ATATU) amapangidwa kukhala mitundu ya crucible pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga uniaxial pressing, isostatic kukanikiza, kapena kufalikira kwa slide, kutsatira ndi sintering pa milingo kutentha pakati 1500 °C ndi 1700 °C.
Pa sintering, njira zogawanitsa zimayendetsa fragment coalescence, kuchepetsa porosity ndi kukweza makulidwe– makamaka kukwaniritsa > 99% makulidwe a maphunziro kuti achepetse kutayikira mu kapangidwe kake ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala.
Ma microstructures opangidwa bwino amawonjezera mphamvu zamakina komanso kukana kupsinjika kwamafuta, pamene kulamulidwa porosity (m'makalasi ena osinthidwa) imatha kulimbikitsa kulekerera kwamphamvu kwa kutentha pochotsa mphamvu yamagetsi.
Pamwambamwamba ndikofunikanso: Kusalala kwamkati kumachepetsa malo opangira ma nucleation mayankho osayenera komanso kumathandizira kuchotsa mosavuta zida zolimba mukagwira..
Geometry ya crucible– opangidwa ndi khoma makulidwe, kupindika, ndi base style– imakulitsidwa kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, kukhazikika kwamapangidwe, ndi kukana kutsetsereka kwa kutentha panthawi yotentha kapena kuzizira kwanyumba.
( Alumina Crucible)
2. Kukaniza kwa Matenthedwe ndi Chemical M'malo Ovuta Kwambiri
2.1 Kuchita bwino kwa Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Zizolowezi za Kutentha Kwambiri
Ma crucibles a alumina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi m'mlengalenga 1600 °C, kuwapanga kukhala ofunikira pakufufuza kwazinthu zotentha kwambiri, kuyenga zitsulo, ndi njira zopangira kristalo.
Amawonetsa kuchepa kwa matenthedwe matenthedwe (~ 30 W/m · K), amene, pamene akuletsa kutentha kutentha mitengo, Momwemonso imaperekanso kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwamafuta ndikuthandizira kusunga kutentha kwa ma gradients ofunikira pakukhazikika kapena kusungunuka kwa madera..
Chovuta kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa kutentha– mphamvu yoyimilira kutentha kosayembekezereka popanda kusweka.
Ngakhale alumina ali ndi coefficient yotsika kwambiri ya kukula kwamafuta (~ 8 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K), kulimba kwake komanso kulimba kwake kumapangitsa kuti chitha kusweka ngati kutengera matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri., makamaka pa kutentha msanga kapena kuzimitsa.
Kuti muchepetse izi, anthu akulangizidwa kuti azitsatira njira zowongolera zowongolera, preheat crucibles pang'onopang'ono, ndi kupewa kuwonekera molunjika kutsegula malawi kapena malo ozizira pamwamba.
Maphunziro apamwamba amaphatikiza zirconia (ZrO 2) kulimbikitsa kapena kuvotera nyimbo kuti muwonjezere kukana kwa ming'alu pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kuwongolera siteji kapena kupsinjika kotsalira komanso kukulitsa nkhawa..
2.2 Chemical Inertness ndi Kugwirizana ndi Kuyankha Kusungunuka
Chimodzi mwazabwino za zitsulo za alumina ndi kusakhazikika kwawo kwamankhwala kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zosungunuka., oxides, ndi mchere.
Amalimbana kwambiri ndi slags, magalasi amadzimadzi, ndi ma aloyi ambiri achitsulo, kuphatikizapo chitsulo, nickel, kobala, ndi oxides awo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika kwa metallurgical, mayeso a thermogravimetric, ndi ceramic sintering.
Komabe, iwo sali adziko lonse lapansi: alumina amayankha ndi kusintha kwa acidic kwambiri monga phosphoric acid kapena boron trioxide pa kutentha, ndipo imatha kuipitsidwa ndi maantacid osungunuka ngati mchere wa hydroxide kapena potaziyamu carbonate.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kugwirizana kwawo ndi zitsulo zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu wolemera kwambiri, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa Al awiri O anayi pogwiritsa ntchito yankho: 2Al + Al Two O Four → 3Al two O (suboxide), kubweretsa kufananiza ndi kulephera komaliza.
Momwemonso, titaniyamu, zirconium, ndi zitsulo zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimasonyeza reactivity mkulu ndi aluminiyamu, kupanga ma aluminidi kapena ma oxide ovuta omwe amasokoneza kukhazikika komanso kuwononga thaw.
Kwa mapulogalamu otere, zinthu zina zomangira ngati yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), boron nitride (BN), kapena molybdenum amakonda.
3. Mapulogalamu mu Sayansi ya Kafukufuku ndi Industrial Processing
3.1 Udindo mu Kuphatikizika kwa Zida ndi Kukula kwa Crystal
Ma crucibles a aluminiyamu ndi ofunika kwambiri panjira zosiyanasiyana zotentha kwambiri, zokhala ndi machitidwe olimba, kusintha chitukuko, ndi kusungunula kasamalidwe ka ceramics zothandiza ndi intermetallics.
Mu chemistry yolimba, zimagwira ntchito ngati zotengera zoziziritsa kukhosi za ufa wa calcining, kupanga phosphor, kapena kukonzekera zinthu zotsogola za lithiamu-ion batire cathodes.
Kwa njira zopangira kristalo monga njira za Czochralski kapena Bridgman, zitsulo za aluminiyamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala ndi ma oxide osungunuka ngati yttrium aluminium garnet. (YAG) kapena magalasi opangidwa ndi neodymium opangira laser.
Kuyera kwawo kwakukulu kumatsimikizira kuipitsidwa kochepa kwa kristalo yomwe ikukula, pomwe kukhazikika kwawo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zakukula kwanthawi yayitali.
Mu kukula kwamphamvu, kumene makhiristo okhawo amawonjezedwa kuchokera ku zosungunulira zotentha kwambiri, ma crucibles a alumina amafunika kupirira kusungunuka ndi chida cha flux– nthawi zambiri borates kapena molybdates– kufunikira kosankha mosamala kalasi ya crucible ndi mafotokozedwe a processing.
3.2 Gwiritsani ntchito mu Analytical Chemistry ndi Industrial Melting Operations
Mu analytical labs, ma alumina crucibles ndi zida zofananira pakuwunika kwa thermogravimetric (TGA) ndi kusanthula kosiyanasiyana kwa calorimetry (DSC), kumene miyeso yeniyeni ya misa imapangidwa pansi pa malo oyendetsedwa ndi kutentha.
Chikhalidwe chawo chosakhala maginito, chitetezo chapamwamba chamafuta, ndi kuyanjana ndi makonda a inert ndi oxidizing amawapangitsa kukhala oyenera miyeso yotereyi.
M'mapangidwe a bizinesi, ma alumina crucibles amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu induction ndi kukana kutenthetsera makina osungunula zinthu zapadziko lapansi., alloying, ndi ndondomeko zopangira, makamaka mu zodzikongoletsera, pakamwa, ndi kupanga gawo lazamlengalenga.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma porcelain aukadaulo, kumene ufa waiwisi umatenthedwa kapena kutenthedwa mkati mwa ma alumina setter ndi crucibles kuti ateteze kuipitsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kutentha kosasintha..
4. Zolepheretsa, Kuchita ndi Zochita, ndi Zowonjezera Zam'tsogolo
4.1 Zoletsa Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Zochita Zabwino Kwambiri pa Moyo Wautali
Mosasamala za kulimba kwawo, alumina crucibles ali ndi malire ogwirira ntchito omwe amayenera kuyamikiridwa kuti apange chitetezo ndi chitetezo komanso kuchita bwino..
Kugwedezeka kwa kutentha kumakhalabe chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimalephera; chifukwa chake, Kutenthetsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa nyumba ndi kuzizira kozizira ndikofunikira, makamaka pamene akusintha ndi 400– 600 ° C komwe kuda nkhawa mobwerezabwereza kumatha.
Kuwonongeka kwamakina chifukwa chakusokoneza, Kutentha njinga, kapena kuyimba ndi zinthu zolimba kumatha kuyambitsa ma microcracks omwe amazungulira movutikira.
Kuyeretsa kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala– kukhala omasuka kuzimitsa kutentha kapena njira zosasangalatsa– ndi crucibles ntchito ayenera kufufuzidwa zizindikiro za spalling, kusinthika, kapena deformation musanagwiritsenso ntchito.
Kuipitsidwa ndi matenda ndi nkhawa ina: zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankha kapena zovulaza siziyenera kusinthidwanso kuti zikhale zoyera kwambiri popanda kuyeretsedwa kwambiri kapena kutayidwa kunja..
4.2 Mapangidwe Opangidwa mu Compound ndi Coated Alumina Systems
Kukulitsa luso la ma crucible a aluminiyamu wamba, ochita kafukufuku akupanga zinthu zophatikizika komanso zogwira ntchito bwino.
Zitsanzo zimakhala ndi alumina-zirconia (Al ₂ ZA THREE-ZrO TWO) mankhwala omwe amathandizira kulimba komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta, kapena alumina-silicon carbide (Onse awiri O SIX-SiC) kusiyanasiyana komwe kumapangitsa kuti matenthedwe azitha kutenthetsa nyumba.
Zopaka pamwamba zokhala ndi ma oxides osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi (mwachitsanzo, yttria kapena scandia) akuyang'aniridwa kuti apange chotchinga chotchinga motsutsana ndi zitsulo zomvera, motero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa thaws koyenera.
Kuphatikiza apo, Kupanga kowonjezera kwa zigawo za alumina kumachitika, kulola ma geometri opangidwa mwamakonda okhala ndi mayendedwe amkati otsata kutentha kapena kutuluka kwa gasi, kutsegulira mwayi watsopano pakuwongolera ndondomeko ndi kalembedwe ka reactor.
Pomaliza, zitsulo za alumina zikupitirizabe kukhala maziko a zatsopano zotentha kwambiri, amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo, ungwiro, komanso kusavuta m'mayina onse azachipatala komanso azamalonda.
Chisinthiko chawo chopitilira ndi uinjiniya wa microstructural ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zosakanizidwa zimatsimikizira kuti azikhala zida zofunika kwambiri pakupanga kafukufuku wa sayansi., matekinoloje amagetsi, ndi kupanga zapamwamba.
5. Wopereka
Malingaliro a kampani Alumina Technology Co., Ltd., Ltd imayang'ana kwambiri pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kupanga ndi kugulitsa ufa wa aluminium oxide, zinthu za aluminium oxide, aluminium oxide crucible, ndi zina., kutumikira zamagetsi, za ceramic, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena. Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 2005, kampaniyo yadzipereka kupereka makasitomala zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi ntchito. Ngati mukuyang'ana zapamwamba aluminiyamu crucible ndi chivindikiro, chonde omasuka kulankhula nafe.
Tags: Alumina Crucible, aluminiyamu crucible, aluminium oxide crucible
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