1. Nā Kuʻuna Huahana a me nā Noho Kūʻai ʻo Alumina Ceramics
1.1 Make-up, Crystallography, a me ka Māhele Palekana
(Alumina Crucible)
ʻO nā kīʻaha alumina nā ipu seramika i hana ʻia me ka alumini oxide (Al ₂ O ELUA), kekahi o nā porcelains maʻalahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma muli o kāna hui ʻana o ka wela., mechanical, a me ka palekana kemika.
ʻO ka pae crystalline alakaʻi i kēia mau crucibles he alpha-alumina (α-Al elua O ₃), mai ka corundum framework– he hoʻolālā hexagonal piha piha o nā ion oxygen me ʻelua hapakolu o nā interstices octahedral i noho ʻia e nā ion alumini māmā trivalent..
ʻO kēia ʻeke atomika mānoanoa ka hopena i ka paʻa ionic a me ka covalent paʻa, hāʻawi kiʻekiʻe heheʻe (2072 ° C), oolea maikai loa (9 ma ka pālākiō Mohs), a me ka pale ʻana i ka sneak a me ka deformation ma nā pae wela kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOiai he kūpono ka alumina maʻemaʻe no nā noi he nui, ʻO nā dopants e like me ka magnesium oxide (MgO) Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia i ka wā sintering e pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa a hoʻonui i ka like ʻole microstructural, no laila e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela.
He mea nui ka maʻemaʻe o ka α-Al ₂ O ʻelima; nā māhele alumina hoʻololi (e.g., c, d, i) ʻO kēlā ʻano ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa he metastable a hoʻololi i ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pae alpha, hiki i ka haʻihaʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana ma lalo o ke kaʻa uila wela.
1.2 ʻO ka Microstructure a me ka Porosity Control i ka Crucible Construction
Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka hana o kahi alumina crucible e kona microstructure, ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hana pauda, e ulu ana, a me nā ʻanuʻu sintering.
ʻO nā pauka alumina maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (maʻa mau 99.5% i 99.99% Al ₂ O EKOLU) hana ʻia i loko o nā ʻano crucible me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana e like me ke kaomi uniaxial, kaomi isostatic, a i ʻole ka paheʻe ʻana, i hoʻokō ʻia e ka sintering ma nā pae wela ma waena 1500 ° C a 1700 ° C.
I ka wā o ka sintering, ʻO nā mīkini diffusion e alakaʻi i ka hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana, e hōʻemi ana i ka porosity a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mānoanoa– ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokō ʻana > 99% ka mānoanoa hoʻonaʻauao e hōʻemi i nā leaka i loko o ka hale a me ke komo ʻana i nā kemika.
Hoʻomaikaʻi nā microstructures maikaʻi i ka ikaika mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano wela, ʻoiai e hoʻomalu ʻia ka porosity (i kekahi mau māka i hoʻopilikino ʻia) hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomanawanui haʻalulu ma muli o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ikehu piliki.
Pono pū ka ʻili o ka ʻili: ʻO ka ʻili o loko e hoʻemi i nā wahi nucleation no nā pane makemake ʻole a kōkua i ka hoʻopau maʻalahi o nā mea ikaika ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana..
Geometry crucible– ka mānoanoa o ka pā, curvature, a me ke ʻano kumu– ua hoʻonui ʻia e kaulike i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoili wela, paʻa paʻa, a me ke kū'ē ʻana i nā pali wela i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai i ka home a i ʻole ka hoʻoluʻu.
( Alumina Crucible)
2. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka wela a me ke kemika ma nā kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe
2.1 ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā maʻamau o ka haʻalulu wela
Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā pahu alumina i nā lewa ʻoi aku 1600 ° C, hana i mea nui i ka noiʻi huahana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe kila, a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻomohala kristal.
Hōʻike lākou i ka emi ʻana o ka thermal conductivity (~ 30 W/m · K), ka mea, oiai e kaohi ana i na uku hoololi mehana, Hāʻawi pū kekahi i kahi degere o ka insulation thermal a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā gradient kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana e pono ai no ka paʻa ʻana o ke kuhikuhi a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana..
ʻO kahi paʻakikī koʻikoʻi ka pale ʻana i ka haʻalulu wela– ka hiki ke kū i nā loli wela i manaʻo ʻole ʻia me ka haki ʻole.
ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka alumina o ka ulu wela (~ 8 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K), ʻO kona rigidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka brittleness e maʻalahi i ka haʻi ʻana i ka wā e hoʻokumu ʻia i nā gradients thermal kiʻekiʻe, i ka wā hoʻomehana wikiwiki a i ʻole ke kinai ʻana.
E hoʻēmi i kēia, ʻōlelo ʻia nā kānaka e mālama i nā kaʻina hana ramping, e hoʻomāmā mālie i nā kīʻaha, a e pale aku i ka ike pololei e wehe i ke ahi a i ʻole nā wahi ʻili anuanu.
Hoʻokomo nā māka kiʻekiʻe i ka zirconia (ZrO ELUA) ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a i ʻole ka helu ʻana i nā haku mele e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana ma o nā mīkini e like me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kahua a i ʻole ke koena o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka hana hopohopo.
2.2 ʻO ka Inertness Chemical a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hehee pane
ʻO kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa o nā alumina crucibles ʻo ko lākou inertness kemika i nā ʻano kila hoʻoheheʻe ākea., oxides, a me nā paʻakai.
Kūleʻa nui lākou i nā slags kumu, makaaniani wai, a me na mea hao he nui, me ka hao, nikela, kobalta, a me ko lakou oxides, ʻo ia ka mea e kūpono ai no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loiloi metallurgical, nā hoʻokolohua thermogravimetric, a me ka sintering seramika.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou inert honua: pane mai ka alumina me nā hoʻololi ʻakika ikaika e like me ka waikawa phosphoric a i ʻole ka boron trioxide i ka wela, a hiki ke ʻino ʻia e ka antacid hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka paʻakai hydroxide a i ʻole potassium carbonate.
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi ko lākou launa pū ʻana me ka metala alumini a me nā mea alumini waiwai nui, hiki ke hoemi Al elua O eha ma o ka pane: 2Al + Al ʻElua O ʻEhā → 3Al ʻelua O (suboxide), lawe mai i ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka hāʻule hope loa.
Ma ke ʻano like, titanium, zirconium, a me nā kila kakaʻikahi-honua hōʻike kiʻekiʻe reactivity me ka alumina, ka hana ʻana i nā aluminides a i ʻole nā oxide paʻakikī e hōʻemi i ke kūpaʻa crucible a hoʻohaumia i ka hau.
No ia mau noi, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe e like me yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), boron nitride (BN), makemake ʻia ka molybdenum.
3. Nā noi ma ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka hana ʻoihana
3.1 Duty in Materials Synthesis and Crystal Growth
ʻO nā pahu alumina ka mea nui i nā ala synthesis wela kiʻekiʻe, i loko o nā ʻano hana paʻa, hoʻololi hoʻomohala, a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā seramika pono a me nā intermetallic.
I loko o ke kemika paʻa, hana lākou ma ke ʻano he ipu inert no ka pauka calcining, hana phosphors, a i ʻole ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huahana precursor no nā cathodes pākahi lithium-ion.
No nā ʻano hana hoʻomohala aniani e like me nā ʻenehana Czochralski a i ʻole Bridgman, Hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu alumina e loaʻa i nā oxide hoʻoheheʻe e like me ka yttrium alumini garnet (YAG) a i ʻole nā aniani neodymium-doped no nā noi laser.
ʻO kā lākou maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka kristal e ulu nei, ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa nei ko lākou dimensional i nā pilikia ulu hou i nā wā lōʻihi.
I ka ulu ʻana o ka flux, kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai nā kristal kaʻawale mai kahi mea hoʻonā wela kiʻekiʻe, pono nā alumina crucibles e pale i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka mea hana flux– ʻO nā borates maʻamau a i ʻole nā molybdates– makemake i ke koho akahele o ka crucible grade a me ka hana kiko'ī.
3.2 Hoʻohana ʻia ma ka Analytical Chemistry a me Industrial Melting Operations
I loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, ʻO nā alumina crucibles he mau mea maʻamau i ka nānā ʻana thermogravimetric (TGA) a me ka nānā ʻana i ka calorimetry (DSC), kahi e hana ʻia ai nā ana nuipaʻa pololei ma lalo o nā leʻaleʻa i hoʻomalu ʻia a me nā ala wela.
ʻO kā lākou ʻano magnetik ʻole, palekana wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā hoʻonohonoho inert a me ka oxidizing e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi iā lākou no nā ana kikoʻī.
I nā hoʻonohonoho pāʻoihana, Hoʻohana ʻia nā alumina crucibles i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana induction a me ke kū'ē ʻana no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea ʻano honua, hoʻohuihui, a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻolei, ma ke kāhiko, waha, a me ka hana ʻāpana aerospace.
Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā porcelains ʻenehana, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā pauka maka a paʻi ʻia paha i loko o nā alumina setter a me nā crucibles e pale ai i ka haumia a hōʻoia i ka hoʻomehana ʻana..
4. Nā palena, Hana me na hana, a me nā mea hoʻonui i ka wā e hiki mai ana
4.1 Nā Kaʻina hana a me nā hana maikaʻi loa no ke ola lōʻihi
Me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou ikaika, Loaʻa i nā alumina crucibles nā palena hana ʻokoʻa e pono e mahalo ʻia e hana i kahi palekana a me ka palekana a me ka pono.
ʻO ka haʻalulu wela kekahi o nā kumu maʻamau o ka hāʻule ʻana; no laila, pono ka hoʻomehana home holomua a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ʻoiai ke hoʻololi nei me ka 400– 600 ° C kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai nā hopohopo hou.
ʻO ka pōʻino mīkini mai ka hana ʻana, kaʻa uila wela, a i ʻole kelepona me nā huahana paʻakikī hiki ke hoʻomaka i nā microcracks e kahe ana ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī.
Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia– ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻopau wela a i ʻole nā hana ʻoluʻolu– a pono e nānā ʻia nā crucibles i hoʻohana ʻia no nā hōʻailona o ka spalling, ka waihoʻoluʻu, a i ʻole deformation ma mua o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana.
ʻO ka hoʻohaumia kea kekahi mea hopohopo: ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana hou ʻia nā crucibles i hoʻohana ʻia no nā huahana pane a i ʻole nā huahana ʻino no ka synthesis maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻana a pono e kiola ʻia i waho..
4.2 Nā Kūlana Kūlana ma nā Pūnaehana Alumina Huipuʻi a i uhi ʻia
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiki o nā pahu alumina maʻamau, Ke hana nei nā mea noiʻi i nā huahana i hoʻohui ʻia a me ka hana ʻana.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohālikelike he alumina-zirconia (Al ₂ NO EKOLU-ZrO ELUA) nā pūhui e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ka haʻalulu wela, a i ʻole alumina-silicon carbide (Al elua O SIX-SiC) nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka conductivity thermal no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa home like ʻole.
ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili me nā oxides honua (e.g., yttria a i ʻole scandia) ke nānā ʻia nei e hoʻomohala i kahi pale diffusion e kūʻē i nā metala pane, pela e hoonui ai i ka laula o na hau kupono.
Eia hou, ke kū nei ka hana hoʻohui o nā ʻāpana alumina, ka ʻae ʻana i nā geometries crucible i hana maʻamau me nā kahawai kūloko no ka nānā ʻana i ka wela a i ʻole ke kahe kinoea, wehe i nā mea hou i ke kaʻina hana a me ke ʻano reactor.
E hoʻopau, ʻO nā alumina crucibles e hoʻomau i ke kumu o ka hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe, waiwai no ko lakou pono, ka maemae, a me ka ʻoluʻolu ma nā inoa kikowaena lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana.
ʻO kā lākou holomua ʻana me ka microstructural engineering a me ka hybrid material design e hōʻoiaʻiʻo e noho lākou i nā mea pono pono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā noiʻi ʻepekema., ʻenehana mana, a me ka hana holomua.
5. Mea hoʻolako
Alumina Technology Co., Ltd e nānā i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i ka pauka alumini oxide, nā huahana alumini oxide, alumini oxide crucible, etc., lawelawe i ka uila, seramika, kemika a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Mai kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana ma 2005, ua kūpaʻa ka hui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā huahana a me nā lawelawe maikaʻi loa. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe pahu alumina me ke poʻi, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.
Nā huaʻōlelo: Alumina Crucible, alumina kīʻaha, alumini oxide crucible
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā kiʻi a pau mai ka Pūnaewele. Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa e holoi ai.
E nīnau iā mākou