1. Ka Papahana Kumu a me ka Polymorphism o Silicon Carbide
1.1 Kemika Crystal a me nā ʻano like ʻole Polytypic
(ʻO Silicon Carbide Ceramics)
Silicon carbide (SiC) ʻO ia kahi huahana keramika i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka silicon a me nā ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi mana tetrahedral., ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lattice kristal paʻa loa.
ʻAʻole like me nā seramika maʻamau, ʻAʻole loaʻa iā SiC kahi mehameha, kaila aniani ʻokoʻa; ma kahi, Hōʻike ia i kahi manaʻo hoihoi i kapa ʻia ʻo polytypism, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kinona like ʻole 250 nā polytype ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia i ke kaʻina hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā papa atomika kokoke.
ʻO kekahi o nā polytypes ʻenehana nui loa ʻo 3C-SiC (cubic, ka hoʻohuihui zinc), 4H-SiC, a me 6H-SiC (hexagonal elua), hāʻawi kēlā me kēia i nā ʻano uila like ʻole, wela, a me nā hale mīkini.
3C-SiC, kapa ʻia ʻo beta-SiC, hana maʻamau i nā mahana haʻahaʻa a metastable, oiai 4H a me 6H polytypes, i kapa ʻia ʻo alpha-SiC, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka wela a hoʻohana maʻamau i nā noi kiʻekiʻe a me nā kikohoʻe.
Hāʻawi kēia ʻokoʻa hoʻolālā i ke koho mea i koho ʻia ma muli o ka noi i koho ʻia, inā paha ma nā mea uila mana, kiʻekiʻe-mākini mīkini, a i ʻole nā kaiapuni wela koʻikoʻi.
1.2 Nā ʻano hoʻopaʻa a me nā ʻano hopena
Loaʻa ka ikaika o SiC mai kāna mau kaula covalent Si-C ikaika, he pōkole ka loa a he kuhikuhi loa, ʻo ka hopena i kahi pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional ʻoʻoleʻa.
Hāʻawi kēia hoʻonohonoho paʻa i nā hale mechanical phenomenal, me ka paʻa kiʻekiʻe (maʻa mau 25– 30 GPa ma ka laulā Vickers), kūʻokoʻa flexural stamina (e like me ka nui 600 MPa no nā ʻano sintered), a me ka paʻa māwae maikaʻi e pili ana i nā seramika ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohui pū ke ʻano covalent i ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe o SiC, hiki i ka 120– 490 W/m · K hilinaʻi i ka polytype a me ka maʻemaʻe– like me kekahi mau metala a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā porcelains kūkulu hale.
Eia kekahi, Hōʻike ʻo SiC i kahi helu haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala wela, ma kahi o 4.0– 5.6 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K, ka mea, i ka hui 'ana me ke ki'eki'e thermal conductivity, hāʻawi iā ia i ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela.
Hōʻike kēia i nā ʻāpana SiC hiki ke hana i nā hoʻoponopono wela wikiwiki me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana, kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi i nā noi e like me nā ʻāpana wela, nā mea hoʻololi mahana, a me nā ʻōnaehana pale wela aerospace.
2. ʻO ka Synthesis a me ka lawelawe ʻana i nā hoʻolālā no ka Silicon Carbide Ceramics
( ʻO Silicon Carbide Ceramics)
2.1 Nā Hana Hana Nui: Mai Acheson i Advanced Synthesis
ʻO ka hana ʻoihana o ka silicon carbide e hoʻi i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kaʻina hana Acheson., he hana ho'ēmi carbothermal kahi silica maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (SiO ₂) a me ke kalapona (ʻaila coke maʻamau) ua wela i ka wela maluna 2200 ° C i loko o kahi mea hoʻomehana pale uila.
ʻOiai e hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻano hana no ka hana ʻana i ka pauka SiC crude no nā abrasives a me nā refractory., hāʻawi ia i nā mea me nā haumia a me ka morphology particle uneven, kaohi ʻana i kona hoʻohana ʻana i nā seramika hana kiʻekiʻe.
Ua loaʻa i nā hoʻomaikaʻi hou i nā ala synthesis ʻē aʻe e like me ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu (CVD), ka mea i hana i ka ultra-high-purity, hoʻokahi-crystal SiC no nā noi semiconductor, a me ka laser-kōkua a i ʻole ka plasma-enhanced synthesis no nā pauka nanoscale.
Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻenehana loea i ka mana pololei ma luna o ka stoichiometry, ʻāpana ʻāpana, a me ka maʻemaʻe pae, mea nui no ka hana ʻana i ka SiC i nā koi hoʻolālā kikoʻī.
2.2 ʻO ka Densification a me ka Microstructural Control
Ma waena o nā pilikia maikaʻi loa i ka hana ʻana i nā porcelains SiC ke hoʻokō nei i ka densification piha ma muli o kona paʻa covalent ikaika a me nā coefficients diffusion haʻahaʻa., ka mea e pale ana i ka sintering maʻamau.
No ka lanakila ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau hoʻolālā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kikoʻī.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kalapona porous preform me ke silikona hoʻoheheʻe, e pane ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā SiC in situ, ʻo ka hopena i kahi ʻano ʻupena kokoke me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Loaʻa ʻia ka sintering me ka ʻole ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea kōkua sintering e like me ka boron a me ke kalapona, ka mea e hoʻolaha ana i ka diffusion palena o ka palaoa a hoʻopau i nā pores.
Paʻi wela a me ke kaomi isostatic wela (HIP) e hoʻopili i ke koʻikoʻi o waho i ka wā wela, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻopaʻa piha ʻana i nā pae wela haʻahaʻa a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea me nā hale mechanical kupaianaha a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku..
ʻO kēia mau ʻano hana e hiki ai ke kūkulu ʻia nā ʻāpana SiC me ka palaoa maikaʻi, microstructure like ʻole, mea nui no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika, ʻaʻahu kūʻē, a me ka pono.
3. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūpono a me nā noi multifunctional
3.1 ʻO ka wela a me ka mechanical resilience i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā porcelains silicone carbide no ke kaʻina hana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke mālama i ka paʻa o ka hoʻolālā i nā wela., pale aku i ka oxidation, a kū i ka ʻaʻahu mechanical.
I ka oxidizing ambiences, Hoʻokumu ʻo SiC i kahi silica palekana (SiO ₂) papa ma kona ili, e hōʻemi ana i ka oxidation a hiki ke hoʻohana mau i nā pae wela e like me 1600 ° C.
ʻO kēia kūpaʻa oxidation, hoʻohui pū me ke kūpaʻa kolo kiʻekiʻe, hana ʻo SiC i kūpono no nā ʻāpana o nā mea hana kinoea, nā keʻena puhi ahi, a me nā mea hoʻololi wela kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohana ʻia kona ʻano paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion i nā noi kalepa e like me nā ʻāpana slurry pump., nā nozzles sandblasting, a me na mea hana oki, kahi e pōʻino koke ai nā mea ʻokoʻa metala.
Eia kekahi, ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka wela o SiC a me ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe e lilo ia i huahana i manaʻo ʻia no nā aniani i nā kelepona ākea a me nā ʻōnaehana laser., kahi e pono ai ka palekana dimensional ma lalo o ke kaʻa uila wela.
3.2 Nā polokalamu uila a me Semiconductor
Ma waho aʻe o kāna pono hana, Hoʻokani ka silicon carbide i kahi hana hoʻololi ma kahi o ka uila uila.
4H-SiC, i ke ʻano wae, loaʻa i kahi bandgap ākea ākea 3.2 eV, hiki i nā mea hana ke holo i nā voltage kiʻekiʻe, nā mahana wela, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea maʻamau ma mua o nā semiconductor hoʻokumu ʻia i ke silika.
Loaʻa kēia i nā mea hana mana– e like me Schottky diodes, MOSFET, a me nā JFET– me ka emi loa o ka mana poho, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a hoʻonui i ka pono, i kēia manawa i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hoʻohuli waiwai hou, a me nā ʻōnaehana mākau akamai.
ʻO ka wahi uila ʻino nui o SiC (pili ana 10 ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka silika) ʻae i nā ʻāpana drift thinner, e ho'ēmi ana i ke kū'ē a hoʻonui i ka hana gadget.
Eia kekahi, ʻO ka hoʻoili wela kiʻekiʻe o SiC e kōkua i ka hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻana i ka mahana, e hoʻemi ana i ka pono o nā ʻōnaehana ea nui a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi, nā ʻāpana uila hilinaʻi.
4. Nā Kūlana Kūlana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma Silicon Carbide Technology
4.1 ʻO ka hui pū ʻana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonā Aerospace
ʻO ka hoʻololi hou ʻana i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe a me ka lawe ʻana i ka ikaika e alakaʻi nei i ka noi like ʻole no nā mea e pili ana i ka SiC..
I nā mea hoʻohuli lā, nā mea hoʻololi makani, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele pila, Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hana SiC i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻemi pololei i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona a me nā koina hana.
I ka aerospace, ʻO SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC/SiC CMC) ke hana ʻia nei no nā ʻili uila makani, linings combustor, a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana wela, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kumukūʻai kaumaha a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hana ma luna o nā superalloys nickel-based superalloys.
Hiki ke holo kēia mau mea hoʻohui matrix seramika i nā mahana i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi 1200 ° C, e hiki ai i nā ʻenekini jet o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana me ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana kinoea..
4.2 Nanotechnology a me Quantum Applications
Ma ka nanoscale, Hōʻike ka silicon carbide i nā hale quantum ʻokoʻa e nānā ʻia ana no nā ʻenehana o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana.
ʻO kekahi mau polytypes o ka SiC host silicon openings a me nā hemahema e hana nei e like me nā pilikia spin-active, e hana ana ma ke ano he quantum little bits (qubits) no ka lolouila quantum a me na noi ike quantum.
Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau pilikia, hoomaluia, a nānā ma ka lumi wela, he pōmaikaʻi nui ma luna o nā ʻōnaehana quantum ʻē aʻe e kāhea ana i nā pilikia cryogenic.
Eia kekahi, Ke ʻimi ʻia nei nā SiC nanowires a me nā nanoparticles no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hāmeʻa hoʻokuʻu kahua, photocatalysis, a me ke kiʻi biomedical ma muli o ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe, palekana kemika, a me nā hale noho uila a i ʻole nā waiwai kalepa.
Ke holomua nei ka haʻawina, ka assimilation o SiC i loko o nā ʻōnaehana quantum crossbreed a me nā mea nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) hoʻohiki e hoʻonui i kāna hana ma mua o nā kāʻei hoʻolālā kuʻuna.
4.3 ʻO ka hoʻomau a me ke ola holoʻokoʻa e noʻonoʻo ai
ʻO ka hana ʻana o SiC he ikaika nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka synthesis kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaʻina sintering.
Eia naʻe, nā pono mau loa o nā mea SiC– e like me ka lōʻihi o ke ola, hoemi i ka malama ana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana– ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hopena kaiaola mua.
Ke hoʻomaka nei nā hana e hana i nā ala hana hoʻomau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka sintering i kōkua ʻia i ka microwave, hana hoʻohui (3D paʻi ʻana) o SiC, a me ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻōpala SiC mai ka hana ʻana i ka wafer semiconductor.
Ke manaʻo nei kēia mau holomua e hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana mana, e hōʻemi i nā mea ʻino, a kākoʻo i ka pōʻaiapuni o ka hoʻokele waiwai ma nā ʻāpana waiwai holomua.
I ka hopena, ʻO nā porcelains silicon carbide kahi pōhaku kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻepekema huahana hou, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka lōʻihi o ka hale kūkulu hale a me ka maʻalahi kūpono.
Mai ka ʻae ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mana maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mea hou quantum, Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo SiC e wehewehe hou i nā palena o ka mea hiki i ka hoʻolālā a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema.
Ke holomua nei nā ʻenehana lawelawe a kū mai nā noi hou, ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka silika carbide e noho mālie loa.
5. Mea hoolako
ʻO Advanced Ceramics i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 17, 2012, he ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hana ʻana, hana ʻana, kūʻai a me nā lawelawe ʻenehana o nā mea pili a me nā huahana. Loaʻa kā mākou huahana akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i nā Boron Carbide Ceramic Products, ʻO Boron Nitride Ceramic Products, Nā Huahana Seramika Silicon Carbide, ʻO nā huahana seramika Silicon Nitride, Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic Products, etc. Inā hoihoi ʻoe, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.([email protected])
Nā huaʻōlelo: ʻO Silicon Carbide Ceramics,kalapona kalapona,kumu kūʻai kalapona silika
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā kiʻi a pau mai ka Pūnaewele. Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa e holoi ai.
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