1. Nhazi isi na Polymorphism nke Silicon Carbide
1.1 Crystal Chemistry na Polytypic dị iche iche
(Silicon Carbide ceramics)
Silicon carbide (SiC) bụ ngwaahịa seramiiki jikọtara ọnụ nke nwere silicon na atom carbon nke edobere na njikwa tetrahedral., na-emepe lattice kristal siri ike nke ukwuu.
N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ seramiki omenala, SiC enweghị onye naanị ya, kristal dị iche iche; kama, ọ na-egosipụta mmetụta dị egwu nke a maara dị ka polytypism, ebe otu usoro kemịkalụ ahụ nwere ike imeziwanye 250 polytypes dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla na-adịgasị iche n'usoro nchikota nke akwa atomic juru n'ọnụ.
Otu n'ime ụdị polytypes kachasị na teknụzụ bụ 3C-SiC (cubic, zinc blende framework), 4H-SiC, na 6H-SiC (abụọ hexagonal), onye ọ bụla na-enye electronic dị iche iche, thermal, na n'ibu ụlọ.
3C-SiC, A na-akpọkwa beta-SiC, na-etolitekarị na okpomọkụ dị ntakịrị ma na-enwe ike metastable, mgbe 4H na 6H polytypes, akpọrọ alfa-SiC, na-enwekwu ọkụ ọkụ ma na-ejikarị ya na ngwa okpomọkụ na ngwa dijitalụ.
Ụdị nhazi a na-enyere nhọrọ ihe ezubere iche dabere na ngwa a họpụtara, ma ọ bụ na ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị ike, elu-ọsọ machining, ma ọ bụ nnukwu okpomọkụ gburugburu.
1.2 Ogo njide na njirimara arụpụta
Ike nke SiC sitere na njikọ Si-C siri ike, nke dị nkenke n'ogologo na ntụzịaka nke ukwuu, na-ebute netwọk siri ike nke akụkụ atọ.
Nhazi njikọ a na-enye ọmarịcha ụlọ arụ ọrụ, gụnyere elu siri ike (na-emekarị 25– 30 GPA na oke Vickers), ike mgbanwe pụtara ìhè (dị ka 600 MPa maka ụdị sintered), na ezigbo mgbape sturdiness gbasara seramiki ndị ọzọ.
Ọdịdị nke covalent na-agbakwụnyekwa na SiC nwere ezigbo okpomọkụ, nke nwere ike iru 120– 490 W/m · K na-adabere na polytype na ịdị ọcha– dị ka ụfọdụ ọla na ihe karịrị ọtụtụ ihe ụkpụrụ ụlọ.
Ọzọkwa, SiC na-egosipụta ọnụọgụ dị ala nke mmepe okpomọkụ, gburugburu 4.0– 5.6 × 10 ⁻ / K, nke, mgbe ejikọtara ya na elu thermal conductivity, na-enye ya nguzogide ujo dị egwu.
Nke a pụtara na akụrụngwa SiC nwere ike ime mgbanwe mgbanwe okpomọkụ na-enweghị mgbawa, àgwà dị oke mkpa na ngwa dị ka akụkụ ikpo ọkụ, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ mgbanwe, na sistemu nchekwa ikuku ikuku.
2. Nchịkọta na Usoro njikwa maka ceramik Silicon Carbide
( Silicon Carbide ceramics)
2.1 Ụzọ nrụpụta igodo: Site na Acheson ruo Synthesis dị elu
Mmepụta mmepụta ihe nke silicon carbide laghachiri na njedebe narị afọ nke 19 na mmepe nke usoro Acheson, usoro mbelata carbothermal nke silica dị elu dị elu (SiO ₂) na carbon (na-abụkarị mmanụ koke) na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ n'elu 2200 Celsius C na ọkụ ọkụ na-eguzogide ọkụ.
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị usoro a eme ihe maka ịmepụta ntụ ntụ SiC maka abrasives na refractories., ọ na-amịpụta ihe nwere adịghị ọcha na morphology na-enweghị isi, na-amachibido ojiji ya na ceramics dị elu.
Ọganihu ọgbara ọhụrụ arụpụtala ụzọ njikọ ọzọ dị ka ntinye kemịkalụ vapor (CVD), nke na-emepụta ultra-high-ọcha, SiC otu-kristal maka ngwa semiconductor, na laser-enyere aka ma ọ bụ na-eme ka plasma dịkwuo mma maka nanoscale powders.
Usoro ndị a ọkaibe na-enye ohere ịchịkwa stoichiometry ziri ezi, akụkụ akụkụ, na agba ọcha, dị mkpa maka ịkwagide SiC ka ọ bụrụ ihe achọrọ imewe.
2.2 Densification na Microstructural Control
Otu n'ime ihe isi ike kachasị mma n'ịmepụta SiC porcelains bụ ịnweta densification zuru oke n'ihi njikọ njikọ ya siri ike na ọnụọgụ mgbasa ozi dị ala., nke na-egbochi ọkọlọtọ sintering.
Iji merie nke a, E mepụtala ọtụtụ atụmatụ densification akọwapụtara.
Njikọ mmeghachi omume gụnyere ịbanye n'ime ikuku carbon preform na silicon a wụrụ awụ, nke na-anabata mmepe SiC na ọnọdụ, na-ebute akụkụ dị nso-net-ụdị nwere ntakịrị mbelata.
A na-enweta sintering na-enweghị nrụgide site n'ịgụnye ihe enyemaka senting dị ka boron na carbon, nke na-akpọsa mgbasa oke ọka ma wepụ pores.
Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ịpị isostatic dị ọkụ (HIP) tinye nrụgide mpụga n'oge kpo oku, na-enye ohere maka densification zuru oke na ọkwa okpomọkụ belatara na ịmepụta ihe nwere nnukwu ụlọ obibi ma ọ bụ azụmahịa azụmahịa.
Usoro nhazi ndị a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịmepụta akụkụ SiC na-eji mma, edo microstructures, dị mkpa maka ịbawanye ike, eyi iguzogide, na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe.
3. Ịrụ arụmọrụ yana Ngwa Multifunctional
3.1 Ọkụ ọkụ na Mechanical Resilience na gburugburu ebe siri ike
Silicon carbide porcelains dabara nke ọma maka usoro na nsogbu siri ike n'ihi ikike ha idowe nkwụsi ike n'ụdị na okpomọkụ., iguzogide ọxịdashọn, na idi n'ibu iyi.
Na oxidizing ambiences, SiC na-etolite silica nchekwa (SiO ₂) oyi akwa n'elu ya elu ebe, nke na-ebelata oxidation ọzọ ma na-enye ohere iji na-aga n'ihu na ọkwa okpomọkụ dị ka 1600 Celsius C.
Nke a na-eguzogide oxidation, jikọtara ya na elu na-akpụ akpụ nguzogide, na-eme ka SiC dị mma maka akụkụ ndị na-emepụta gas, ụlọ ọkụ, na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu.
A na-erigbu ike ya pụrụ iche na nguzogide abrasion na ngwa azụmahịa dị ka akụkụ mgbapụta slurry, nozzles na-agba aja, na ịcha ngwaọrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ igwe ga-ada ngwa ngwa.
Ọzọkwa, Mbelata okpomọkụ nke SiC na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa a tụrụ aro maka enyo na teliskop mbara na sistemụ laser., ebe nchekwa akụkụ n'okpuru ịnya igwe ọkụ dị mkpa.
3.2 Ngwa eletriki na Semiconductor
N'ofè ya structural ịba uru, sịlịkọn carbide na-arụ ọrụ mgbanwe na mpaghara eletriki ọkụ.
4H-SiC, ọ kachasị, nwere nnukwu bandgap nke siri ike 3.2 eV, ikwe ka ngwaọrụ na-agba ọsọ na elu voltaji, okpomọkụ, na ngbanwe oge niile karịa semiconductors dabere na silicon ọdịnala.
Nke a na-ebute ngwá ọrụ ike– dị ka Schottky diodes, MOSFET, na JFET– na budata ebelata ike ọnwụ, obere nha nha, ma kwalite arụmọrụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a na ụgbọ ala eletrik, inverters akụrụngwa emeghari ohuru, na usoro grid maara ihe.
Ebe eletrik na-adịghị arụ ọrụ dị elu nke SiC (gbasara 10 oge nke silicon) na-enye ohere ịkpafu n'ígwé, na-ebelata nguzogide na ịkwalite arụmọrụ ngwa.
Ọzọkwa, Igwe ọkụ dị elu nke SiC na-enyere aka ịgbasa ọkụ nke ọma, na-ebelata mkpa maka nnukwu ikuku ikuku na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ntakịrị, akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
4. Ọdịnihu na-ebili na nyocha ọdịnihu na teknụzụ Silicon Carbide
4.1 Ngwakọta na Advanced Power na Aerospace Solutions
Ntugharị na-aga n'ihu na ume dị ọcha yana ụgbọ njem na-enye ume na-eme ka ọchịchọ na-enweghị atụ maka ihe ndị dabere na SiC.
Na inverters anyanwụ, ikuku ike converters, na usoro njikwa batrị, Ngwa SiC na-agbakwunye na nrụpụta ike dị elu, mwepu carbon na-ebelata ogologo oge yana ụgwọ ọrụ.
Na mbara igwe, Ihe mejupụtara SiC fiber gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ SiC matrix (SiC/SiC CMC) a na-emepụta maka ikuku turbine agụba, combustor lining, na thermal nche usoro, inye nchekwa ego dị arọ yana uru arụmọrụ karịa superalloys dabere na nickel.
Ihe mejupụtara seramiiki matriks a nwere ike na-agba ọsọ na okpomọkụ karịrị 1200 Celsius C, na-eme ka o kwe omume maka ụgbọ elu jet ọgbọ na-abịa n'ihu nwere oke mkpali na ịdị arọ yana ịrụ ọrụ gas ka mma..
4.2 Ngwa Nanotechnology na Quantum
Na nanoscale, silicon carbide na-egosi ụlọ quantum dị iche iche a na-enyocha maka teknụzụ ọgbọ na-abịa.
Ụfọdụ ụdị nke SiC na-anabata oghere silicon na ohere ohere ndị na-eme dị ka okwu na-arụ ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka quantum obere bits (qubits) maka kọmpụta quantum na ngwa nhụta quantum.
Enwere ike ibulite nsogbu ndị a n'ụzọ anya, na-achịkwa, ma nyochaa na ụlọ okpomọkụ, uru dị ukwuu karịa ọtụtụ sistemu quantum ndị ọzọ na-akpọ maka nsogbu cryogenic.
Ọzọkwa, A na-enyocha SiC nanowires na nanoparticles maka ojiji n'ime ngwa ikuku ikuku, photocatalysis, na onyonyo biomedical n'ihi oke akụkụ ha dị elu, nchekwa kemịkalụ, na tunable eletrọnịkị obibi ma ọ bụ azụmahịa Njirimara.
Ka ọmụmụ ihe na-aga n'ihu, njikọ nke SiC ziri ezi n'ime sistemụ quantum crossbreed na ngwaọrụ nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) na-ekwe nkwa ịbawanye ọrụ ya karịa ngalaba nhazi ọdịnala.
4.3 Idogide na ihe ndị ga-eme ka usoro ndụ ndụ ga-atụle
Mmepụta nke SiC bụ ike-ike, karịsịa na oke okpomọkụ synthesis na sintering usoro.
Ka o sina dị, uru na-adịgide adịgide nke ihe SiC– dị ka ogologo ndụ ogologo, belatara nlekọta, na mma usoro arụmọrụ– na-adịkarị karịa mmetụta mbụ gburugburu ebe obibi.
A na-eme atụmatụ iji mepụta ụzọ nrụpụta ga-adigide karị, nke nwere ngwa ndakwa nri na-enyere aka, mgbakwunye mmepụta (3D ibi akwụkwọ) nke SiC, na imegharị ihe mkpofu SiC site na nhazi wafer semiconductor.
Ọganihu ndị a chọrọ ibelata oriri ike, wedata ihe mkpofu ihe, na-akwado gburugburu aku na uba ihu igwe na elu ihe ndi.
Na ngwụcha, Silikoni carbide poselin na-anọchite anya isi okwu sayensị ngwaahịa nke oge a, na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ịdịte aka n'iwu ụlọ na mgbanwe dị irè.
Site na ime ka sistemu ike dị ọcha na-eme ka ihe ọhụrụ rụpụta ihe, SiC na-anọgide na-akọwapụta ókèala nke ihe ga-ekwe omume na imewe na nyocha sayensị.
Ka usoro njikwa na-aga n'ihu na ngwa ọhụrụ na-ebilite, ọdịnihu nke silicon carbide na-anọgide na-egbuke egbuke.
5. Onye na-ebu ihe
Advanced Ceramics tọrọ ntọala na October 17, 2012, bụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu kwadoro nyocha na mmepe, mmepụta, nhazi, ahịa na ọrụ aka nke seramiiki ikwu ihe na ngwaahịa. Ngwaahịa anyị gụnyere mana ọnweghị oke na ngwaahịa seramiiki Boron Carbide, Ngwaahịa seramiiki boron nitride, Ngwaahịa seramiiki Silicon Carbide, Ngwaahịa seramiiki silicon Nitride, Ngwaahịa seramiiki Zirconium Dioxide, wdg. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị.([email protected])
Tags: Silicon Carbide ceramics,silicon carbide,ọnụ ahịa silicon carbide
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