1. Nanoscale Design ndi Material Scientific Research of Aerogels
1.1 Genesis ndi Essential Framework ya Airgel Products
(Zovala za Airgel Insulation)
Zovala zotchingira za Airgel zimayimira chitukuko chosinthika muukadaulo wamakono wowunikira kutentha, mizu mu nanostructure osiyana aerogels– ultra-lightweight, zopangira porous anachokera ku gel osakaniza momwe zinthu zamadzimadzi zimasinthidwa ndi mpweya popanda kuwononga maukonde amphamvu.
Choyamba chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1930s ndi Samuel Kistler, ma aerogels adapitilizabe kukhala kufufuza kwa labotale kwazaka zambiri chifukwa cha kufooka komanso kukwera mtengo kwa kupanga..
Komabe, zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano mu sol-gel chemistry ndi njira zowumitsa zapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta airgel zisakanizidwe., chothirira, ndi brushable wosanjikiza formulations, tsegulani kuthekera kwawo kwa ntchito zofala zamalonda.
Pakatikati pa mphamvu yotsekereza ya aerogel ili panjira yake yolowera ndi nanoscale.: kawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi silika (SiO ₂), zinthu zimasonyeza porosity kupita kupitirira 90%, ndi kukula kwa pore makamaka mu 2– 50 nm gulu– zalembedwa bwino m'munsimu njira yopanda mtengo ya tinthu ta mpweya (~ 70 nm pamavuto ozungulira).
Nanoconfinement iyi imachepetsa kwambiri kufalikira kwa matenthedwe a mpweya, monga mpweya particles sangathe efficiently kusamutsa kinetic mphamvu mwa ngozi m'madera amenewa woumirizidwa.
Nthawi imodzi, netiweki yolimba ya silika idapangidwa kuti ikhale yovutitsa kwambiri komanso yosapitilira, kuchepetsa conductive kutentha kutengerapo kudzera olimba siteji.
Chotsatira chake ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsika mtengo kwambiri zamatenthedwe amtundu uliwonse wamphamvu wodziwika– kawirikawiri pakati 0.012 ndi 0.018 W/m · K pa kutentha kwa dera– kupyola zipangizo zotchinjiriza monga mineral wool, thovu la polyurethane, kapena kuchuluka kwa polystyrene.
1.2 Kukula kuchokera ku Monolithic Aerogels kupita ku Compound Coatings
Ma aerogel oyambirira ankapangidwa ngati osalimba, midadada monolithic, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pazamlengalenga ndi zochitika zachipatala.
Kusintha kwa zophimba za airgel zophatikizika zimayendetsedwa ndi kufunikira kosinthika, ogwirizana, ndi zotchinga matenthedwe scalable zomwe zingagwirizane ndi ma geometries ovuta monga mapaipi, shutoffs, ndi m'malo zida pamwamba.
Zigawo zamakono za airgel zimaphatikizira mosamala granules za airgel (kawirikawiri 1– 10 µm kukula) amagawidwa mkati mwa zomangira za polymeric monga ma acrylics, silicones, kapena epoxies.
( Zovala za Airgel Insulation)
Mafomu osakanizidwa awa amasunga kutenthedwa kochuluka kwa ma aerogel oyera pomwe amapeza mphamvu zamakina., mgwirizano, ndi kukana kwa nyengo.
The binder siteji, pamene penapake kuwonjezera matenthedwe madutsidwe, imapereka mgwirizano wofunikira ndipo imalola kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamalonda wamba kuphatikiza kuseweretsa, kugudubuza, kapena kumiza.
Chofunika kwambiri, kagawo kakang'ono ka ma airgel bits amakometsedwa kuti akhazikike bwino pakutchinjiriza ndi kukhazikika kwa filimu– zambiri zimasiyana 40% ku 70% ndi kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri.
Njira yophatikizika iyi imasunga zotsatira za Knudsen (kuchepa kwa gasi-gawo conduction mu nanopores) ndikupangitsa nyumba zosinthika monga zosinthika, kuthamangitsa madzi, ndi kukana moto.
2. Kutentha kwa Matenthedwe ndi Multimodal Heat Transfer Suppression
2.1 Systems of Thermal Insulation ku Nanoscale
Kutsekera kwa Airgel kumamaliza kuchita bwino kwambiri ndikuchepetsa zonse mwakamodzi 3 njira zosinthira kutentha: kufala, convection, ndi ma radiation.
Kutengera kutentha kwa conductive kumachepetsedwa kudzera pakuphatikiza kulumikizidwa kwa gawo lolimba komanso mawonekedwe a nanoporous omwe amalepheretsa kusuntha kwa tinthu ta gasi..
Chifukwa chakuti network ya airgel imakhala yopyapyala kwambiri, zolumikizana tsitsi la silika (nthawi zambiri kukula kwake ndi nanometer), njira yoyendetsera phonon (kugwedezeka kwa latisi yonyamula kutentha) ndizochepa kwambiri.
Mapangidwe awa amachotsa bwino madera oyandikana ndi kumaliza, kuchepetsa kulumikiza kwamafuta.
Kutumiza kotentha kwa convective kumasowa mkati mwa nanopores chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mpweya kupanga mafunde a convection m'malo otsekeka ngati amenewa..
Komanso pa macroscopic ranges, Airgel yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino imamaliza kuchotsa mpweya ndi zibowo za convective zomwe zimasokoneza machitidwe otchinjiriza., makamaka m'magawo oyima kapena opitilila.
Kutumiza kutentha kwa radiation, zomwe zimafika pofika potentha kwambiri (> 100 °C), amachepetsedwa ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa ma infrared opacifiers monga carbon black, titaniyamu dioxide, kapena ma ceramic pigments.
Zosakaniza izi zimawonjezera kuwala kwa chophimba ku radiation ya infrared, kufalitsa ndi kutenga ma photons otentha asanayambe kudutsa makulidwe a ❖ kuyanika.
Kugwirizana kwa machitidwewa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chomwe chimapereka mphamvu yofananira yotchinjiriza pa kachulukidwe ka zinthu zakale– nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsa ma R-values (kutentha kukana) kuchulukitsa kangapo pa makulidwe a unit.
2.2 Kuchita Bwino Pakati pa Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Mavuto Achilengedwe
Zina mwazabwino zomaliza za kutchinjiriza kwa airgel ndizochita bwino kwambiri pamlingo wokulirapo wa kutentha, nthawi zambiri amasiyana ndi kutentha kwa cryogenic (-200 °C) ku over 600 °C, kutengera binder system yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pa kuchepa kwa kutentha, monga mapaipi a LNG kapena ma firiji, zigawo za airgel zimateteza ku condensation ndi kutsika kwa kutentha kocheperako bwino kwambiri kuposa njira zopangira thovu.
Pa kutentha, makamaka mu zida zamakampani, machitidwe otopa, kapena malo opangira magetsi, amateteza magawo apansi kuti asatenthedwe ndi kutentha kwinaku akuchepetsa kutaya mphamvu.
Mosiyana ndi organic thovu zomwe zimatha kuwola kapena kupsa, Ma airgel opangidwa ndi silika amakhala okhazikika komanso osayaka, kuwonjezera njira zosavuta zotetezera moto.
Komanso, mayamwidwe awo otsika mafunde ndi chithandizo cha hydrophobic pamwamba (nthawi zambiri zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito silane) kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito m'malo onyowa kapena onyowa– kulephera kokhazikika kwa insulation yolimba.
3. Njira Zothetsera Mavuto ndi Kuphatikizika Kwabwino mu zokutira
3.1 Kusankha Binder ndi Kapangidwe ka Katundu Wamakina Kapena Malonda
Kusankhidwa kwa binder m'magawo otsekemera a airgel ndikofunikira kuti pakhale bata komanso moyo wautali komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino..
Zomangira za silicone zimagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kukana kwa UV, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwa ntchito zakunja ndi zamalonda.
Zomangira za Acrylic zimapereka zomatira bwino kuzitsulo ndi konkriti, limodzi ndi kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kutsika kwa VOC, mulingo woyenera kwambiri popanga ma envulopu ndi makina otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa.
Mafomu osinthidwa a epoxy amathandizira kukana kwa mankhwala komanso mphamvu zamakina, zothandiza m'malo am'madzi kapena owononga.
Opanga nawonso amaphatikiza zosintha za rheology, obalalitsa, ndi nthumwi zolumikizana kuti zitsimikizire kugawa kofananako, lekani kukonza, ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mafilimu.
Kusinthasintha kumakonzedwa mosamala kwambiri kuti mupewe kupatukana panjinga yonse yotentha kapena kupindika kwa gawo lapansi, makamaka pazinthu zowoneka bwino monga zolumikizira zachitukuko kapena makina onjenjemera.
3.2 Zowonjezera Zambiri ndi Kuthekera Kwa Smart Coating
M'mbuyomu kutentha kutentha, Zomaliza zamakono za airgel zikupangidwa ndi luso lowonjezera.
Mapangidwe ena amakhala ndi utoto woletsa dzimbiri kapena zodzichiritsa zokha zomwe zimatalikitsa moyo wa zitsulo zam'munsi..
Ena amaphatikiza zinthu zosintha magawo (PCMs) mkati mwa matrix kuti mupereke kusungirako mphamvu zotentha, kusintha kutentha kwa nyumba kapena mayunitsi a digito.
Kafukufuku wotulukapo akuwunika kutengera kwa ma nanomaterials conductive (mwachitsanzo, carbon nanotubes) kulola kutsatira mu-situ kukhulupirika komaliza kapena kugawa kwa kutentha– kukonza njira “wochenjera” machitidwe oyang'anira kutentha.
Kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kumeneku kuyika airgel sikungomaliza ngati zotsekera chabe koma ngati zida zamphamvu pazomangamanga zanzeru komanso makina osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu..
4. Kulimbikitsa Msika Wamakampani ndi Zamalonda
4.1 Mphamvu Zogwira Ntchito Pamapangidwe ndi Magawo Amafakitale
Zovala zotchingira za Airgel zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono m'mabizinesi, zoyenga, ndi malo opangira magetsi kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamizere ya nthunzi, boilers, ndi exchangers ofunda, iwo amachepetsa kwambiri kutentha, kulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa gasi.
Muzochitika zobwezera, mawonekedwe awo ocheperako amalola kuti zotsekemera ziwonjezedwe popanda kusintha kwakukulu, chitetezo cha m'nyumba ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma.
M'nyumba ndi bizinesi yomanga ndi kumanga, Utoto wowonjezera aerogel ndi pulasitala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma, zophimba padenga, ndi mazenera apanyumba kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha ndikuchepetsa ma HVAC ambiri.
4.2 Niche ndi High-Performance Applications
Zamlengalenga, auto, ndi magawo amagetsi amapezerapo mwayi pakumalizitsa kwa airgel pakuwunika mopepuka komanso mopanda malo..
M'magalimoto amagetsi, amatchinjiriza katundu wa batri ku kutentha komwe kumatuluka ndi kunja komwe kumatentha.
Mu zamagetsi, Zomangamanga zowonda kwambiri za airgel zimateteza zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri ndikupewa malo omwe amakhalapo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo posungirako cryogenic, mapangidwe a zipinda, ndi zida zapanyanja zakuzama zimatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwawo m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Pamene kupanga ranges ndi mtengo kuchepa, Zovala za airgel insulation zimayikidwa kuti zikhale mwala wapangodya wam'badwo wotsatira komanso wokhazikika.
5. Wopereka
TRUNNANO ndi ogulitsa Spherical Tungsten Powder yokhala ndi over 12 zaka zambiri zachitetezo cha nano-building energy komanso chitukuko cha nanotechnology. Imavomereza kulipira kudzera pa Kirediti kadi, T/T, West Union ndi Paypal. Trunnano idzatumiza katundu kwa makasitomala kunja kwa FedEx, DHL, ndi mpweya, kapena panyanja. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za Spherical Tungsten Powder, chonde omasuka kulankhula nafe ndi kutumiza kufunsa([email protected]).
Tagi: Silica Airgel Thermal Insulation Coating, ❖ kuyanika kwa kutentha kwa insulation, airgel matenthedwe kutchinjiriza
Zolemba ndi zithunzi zonse zachokera pa intaneti. Ngati pali zovuta za kukopera, chonde titumizireni mu nthawi kuti muchotse.
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