1. I-Nanoscale Design kanye ne-Material Scientific Research ye-Aerogels
1.1 UGenesise kanye Nohlaka Olubalulekile Lwemikhiqizo ye-Airgel
(I-Airgel Insulation Coatings)
I-Airgel insulation coatings imelela intuthuko eguquguqukayo kubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuqapha okushisayo, igxile ku-nanostructure ehlukile yama-aerogel– I-ultra-lightweight, imikhiqizo enezimbotshana eqhamuka kumajeli lapho into ewuketshezi ishintshwa khona ngegesi ngaphandle kokudiliza inethiwekhi eqinile.
Yasungulwa okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-1930 nguSamuel Kistler, ama-aerogels aqhubekile nokubuza imibuzo yaselabhorethri amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yobuthakathaka kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza..
Noma kunjalo, intuthuko yamanje kumakhemikhali e-sol-gel namasu okomisa kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya ze-airgel zibe lula, okufuthwayo, kanye nokwakheka kwesendlalelo esingaxutshwa, ukuvula amandla abo okusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano okwandile.
Umnyombo wamandla okuvikela ama-aerogel amangalisayo usehlakanipheni lwayo le-nanoscale elikwazi ukungena kalula.: ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-silica (SiO ₂), impahla ibonisa i-porosity ehamba ngalé 90%, ngamasayizi wembobo ngokuyinhloko ku-2– 50 nm uhlu– kubhalwe kahle ngezansi kwesilinganiso sezinhlayiya zomoya ezingenazindleko (~ 70 nm ezinkingeni ze-ambient).
Lokhu kugcinwa kwe-nanoconfinement kunciphisa kakhulu ukudluliswa kwe-gaseous thermal, njengoba izinhlayiya zomoya zingakwazi ukudlulisa ngempumelelo amandla e-kinetic ngokusebenzisa ukuphahlazeka ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezibambezelekile.
Kanyekanye, inethiwekhi ye-silica eqinile yakhelwe ukuthi ihlukumeze kakhulu futhi ingaqhubeki, ukunciphisa ukudluliswa okufudumele kwe-conductive ngokusebenzisa isigaba esiqinile.
Umphumela uyisisetshenziswa esine-conductivities yokushisa engabizi kakhulu yanoma yiluphi uhlobo oluqinile olwaziwayo– ngokuvamile phakathi 0.012 futhi 0.018 W/m · K ezingeni lokushisa lendawo– ukweqa izinto ezijwayelekile zokuvikela ezifana noboya bamaminerali, i-polyurethane foam, noma i-polystyrene eyengeziwe.
1.2 Ukuthuthukiswa kusuka ku-Monolithic Aerogels kuya ku-Compound Coatings
Ama-aerogel okuqala akhiqizwa njengabuthakathaka, amabhlogo we-monolithic, ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwazo endaweni ethile ye-aerospace nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomtholampilo.
Ukushintshela ekuhlanganiseni kokumbozwa kwe-airgel kuye kwaqhutshwa isidingo sokuguquguquka, ehlelekile, kanye nezithiyo ezishisayo ezishisayo ezingahlotshaniswa namajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi njengamapayipi, ukuvala, nezindawo zokusebenza ezingalingani.
Izendlalelo zesimanje ze-airgel zihlanganisa ama-airgel granules agayiwe ngokucophelela (ngokuvamile 1– 10 µm ngosayizi) isatshalaliswa ngaphakathi kwezibophezelo ze-polymeric njengama-acrylics, ama-silicones, noma ama-epoxies.
( I-Airgel Insulation Coatings)
Lawa mafomula ayingxubevange agcina ukusebenza okushisayo okuningi kwangaphakathi kwama-aerogel ahlanzekile kuyilapho ethola ukuqina komshini., isibopho, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
Isiteji sokuhlanganisa, kuyilapho ngandlela-thile kwandisa conductivity ezishisayo, inikeza ukubumbana okubalulekile futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezivamile zezohwebo ezihlanganisa ukuchafaza, ukuginqika, noma ukucwilisa.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ingxenye yenani lengxenye yezingcezu ze-airgel ithuthukiswa ukuze kuzinziswe ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwezinto ngokuzinza kwefilimu– ngokuvamile ziyahlukahluka 40% ku 70% ngevolumu ekwakhiweni kokusebenza okuphezulu.
Lelisu eliyinhlanganisela ligcina umthelela we-Knudsen (ukuncishiswa kwe-gas-phase conduction kuma-nanopores) ngenkathi ivumela izakhiwo ezifundekayo ezifana nokuguquguquka, ukuxosha amanzi, nokumelana nomlilo.
2. Ukusebenza Okushisayo kanye Nokucindezelwa Kokudlulisa Ukushisa Kwe-Multimodal
2.1 Amasistimu Wokufakwa Kwe-Thermal e-Nanoscale
I-Airgel insulation iqeda kufeza ukusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu ngakho konke ngesikhathi esisodwa kunciphisa konke 3 izindlela zokudlulisa okufudumele: ukudluliswa, i-convection, kanye nemisebe.
Ukudluliswa kokushisa okuqhutshwayo kuncishiswa ngokuhlanganiswa kokuxhumana okuncishisiwe kwesigaba esiqinile kanye nesakhiwo se-nanoporous esivimbela ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiya zegesi..
Ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi ye-airgel iqukethe izacile kakhulu, izinwele ze-silica ezihlangene (ngokuvamile ama-nanometer ambalwa nje ngosayizi), indlela yokuthutha iphonon (ukudlidliza kwe-lattice ethwala ukushisa) ilinganiselwe kakhulu.
Lesi sitayela sesakhiwo sihlukanisa ngempumelelo izindawo eziseduze zokuqeda, ukunciphisa ukuxhuma okushisayo.
Ukudluliswa okufudumele kwe-Convective akutholakali ngokwemvelo ngaphakathi kwama-nanopores ngenxa yokwehluleka komoya ukuthuthukisa ama-convection currents ezindaweni ezinjalo ezivalekile..
Futhi kuma-macroscopic ranges, i-airgel esetshenziswe kahle iqeda ukuqeda ama-air voids kanye nezintuba ezithintekayo ezihlukumeza amasistimu okushisa ajwayelekile, ngokukhethekile ngezitolimende eziqondile noma ezilengelayo.
Ukudlulisa ukushisa okunemisebe, okuba kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphakeme (> 100 °C), incishiswa ngokufakwa kwama-opacifiers e-infrared njenge-carbon black, titanium dioxide, noma izingulube ze-ceramic.
Lezi zithako zandisa ukukhanya kwesembozo emisebeni ye-infrared, ukusabalalisa nokuthatha ama-photon ashisayo ngaphambi kokuthi akwazi ukuwela ukushuba kokumboza.
Ukusebenzisana kwalezi zinhlelo kubangela umkhiqizo ohlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwe-insulation engxenyeni ethile yokuminyana kwezinto ezivamile– ngokuvamile ukufeza amanani ka-R (ukumelana nokushisa) inani lezikhathi eziphakeme ngokujiya kweyunithi ngayinye.
2.2 Ukusebenza Kuwo Wonke Izinga Lokushisa Nezinkinga Zemvelo
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziphoqelela kakhulu zokuqedwa kokufakwa kwe-airgel ukusebenza kahle kwazo okujwayelekile kuyo yonke i-spectrum yezinga lokushisa elibanzi, ngokuvamile ziyahlukahluka emazingeni okushisa e-cryogenic (-200 °C) kuze 600 °C, kuye ngesistimu ye-binder esetshenzisiwe.
Emazingeni okushisa ancishisiwe, njengakumapayipi e-LNG noma izinhlelo zesiqandisi, Izendlalelo ze-airgel zivikela ekujikeni nasekufinyeleleni ukufudumala okuphansi ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu kunezinye izindlela ezisekelwe kugwebu.
Lapho kushisa, ikakhulukazi kumishini yenqubo yezimboni, amasistimu wokuqeda, noma izinsiza zokuphehla ugesi, avikela ama-substrates angaphansi ekuwohlokeni kokushisa kuyilapho enciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla.
Ngokungafani namagwebu emvelo angase abole noma ashise, I-airgel esekwe ku-silica ihlala iqinile futhi ingashi, ukwengeza kumasu alula okuvikela umlilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumuncwa kwamagagasi aphansi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hydrophobic surface (ngokuvamile itholakala ngokusebenza kwe-silane) vimbela ukubhujiswa kokusebenza ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezimanzi– ukusetha okujwayelekile kokwehluleka kokufakwa kwe-coarse.
3. Amasu Esixazululo kanye Nokufaniswa Okungokoqobo Kwezingubo
3.1 Ukukhetha Okuhlanganisayo kanye Nomklamo Wendawo Yokuhlala Yemishini Noma Yezentengiso
Ukukhethwa kwe-binder ezingqimbeni zokufakwa kwe-airgel kubalulekile ekuzinziseni ukusebenza okushisayo nokuphila isikhathi eside kanye nokusebenziseka kalula.
Izibophezelo ezisekelwe ku-silicone zisebenzisa ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okukhethekile kanye nokumelana ne-UV, ukubenza balungele izicelo zangaphandle nezohwebo.
Izibophezelo ze-Acrylic zinikeza ukunamathela okuhle ezinsimbi kanye nokhonkolo, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kanye nokukhishwa kwe-VOC okuphansi, ilungele ukuthuthukisa izimvilophu kanye nezinhlelo zokufudumeza nokupholisa.
Amafomula aguqulwe nge-epoxy athuthukisa ukumelana namakhemikhali namandla emishini, luwusizo ezindaweni zasemanzini noma ezibhubhisayo.
Ama-Formulators nawo ahlanganisa ama-rheology modifiers, abahlakazayo, kanye nabameleli abaxhumanisayo ukuze baqinisekise ukusatshalaliswa kwebhithi okufanayo, yeka ukusula, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwefilimu.
Ukuvumelana nezimo kushunwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhlukana phakathi kulo lonke uhambo lokuhamba ngebhayisikili elishisayo noma ukuwohloka kwe-substratum, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezinamandla njengamajoyinti okuthuthukiswa noma imishini edlidlizayo.
3.2 Izithuthukisi Ezisebenza Kaningi kanye Namandla Okwemboza Okuhlakaniphile
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal okwedlule, ama-airgel finishes esimanje akhiwa ngamakhono engeziwe.
Amanye amafomu ahlanganisa i-pigments evimbela ukugqwala noma izithunywa eziziphilisa ezinweba ubude besikhathi sempilo ye-metallic substratum..
Ezinye zihlanganisa imikhiqizo yokuguqula isigaba (PCMs) ngaphakathi kwe-matrix ukunikeza isitoreji samandla ashisayo, bushelelezi izinguquko lokushisa ezakhiweni noma amayunithi digital.
Ucwaningo olusafufusa luhlola ukutholwa kwama-nanomaterials conductive (isib., ama-carbon nanotubes) ukuvumela ukulandelelwa kwe-in-situ kokwethembeka okuphelele noma ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa– evula indlela “uhlakaniphile” izinhlelo zokuqapha ezishisayo.
Lawa makhono emisebenzi eminingi abeka i-airgel ayiqedi nje njengama-insulators kodwa njengezingxenye ezinamandla kungqalasizinda ehlakaniphile nezinhlelo ezonga amandla..
4. Izicelo Zezimboni Nezohwebo Ukushayela Imakethe Ukukhuthaza
4.1 Ukusebenza Kwamandla Emikhakheni Yesakhiwo Nezimboni
I-Airgel insulation coatings isetshenziswa kancane kancane ezakhiweni zebhizinisi, zokucwenga, kanye nezitshalo zamandla ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Kufakwe emigqeni yesitimu, ama-boilers, nama-exchangers afudumele, banciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, ukuqinisa ukusebenza kwesistimu nokunciphisa isidingo segesi.
Ezimweni zokubuyisela emuva, iphrofayili yabo emincane ivumela ukwahlukanisa ukuthi kwengezwe ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okubalulekile kwesakhiwo, igumbi lokuvikela nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula.
Ekwakhiweni kwasekhaya nasebhizinisini nasekwakhiweni, Opende abathuthukisiwe be-aerogel kanye namapulasi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaphezulu, izimbobo zophahla, namafasitela asekhaya ukuze kuthuthukiswe lula ukushisa nokunciphisa inkatho ye-HVAC.
4.2 I-Niche kanye nezicelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu
I-Aerospace, okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nemikhakha ye-elekthronikhi ithatha ithuba lokuqedwa kwe-airgel ekuqapheni okushisayo okuzwela isisindo kanye nesikhala.
Emalolini kagesi, bavikela imithwalo yebhethri ekubalekeni okushisayo nangaphandle kwemithombo efudumele.
Kwezogesi, Izendlalelo ze-airgel ezizacile kakhulu zivikela izici zamandla aphezulu futhi zigweme izindawo ezishisayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwabo endaweni yokugcina i-cryogenic, izindawo zegumbi, kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekujuleni kolwandle zigcizelela ubuqotho bazo ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu.
Njengoba ukwenza amabanga nezindleko kuncipha, Izembozo zokufakwa kwe-airgel zibekwe ukuze zibe yitshe legumbi lohlaka oluhlala njalo noluhlala isikhathi eside esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
5. Umphakeli
U-TRUNNO ungumphakeli we-Spherical Tungsten Powder ene-over 12 Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-nano-building energy ukongiwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology. Yamukela inkokhelo ngekhadi lesikweletu, T/T, I-West Union ne-Paypal. I-Trunnano izothumela izimpahla kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle nge-FedEx, I-DHL, ngomoya, noma ngolwandle. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-Spherical Tungsten Powder, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi uthumele uphenyo([email protected]).
Maka: I-Silica Airgel Thermal Insulation Coating, i-thermal insulation coating, ukufakwa kwe-airgel okushisayo
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