1. Imisebenzi Ebalulekile kanye Nezinjongo Eziwusizo Kubuchwepheshe Besimanje Besimanje
1.1 Umsebenzi kanye Nendlela Yama-ejenti Akhipha Amagwebu Kakhonkolo
(I-ejenti ekhipha amagwebu)
Ama-concrete lathering agents ayinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali akhethekile edalelwe ukwethula ngenhloso nokugcina umthamo olawulwayo wamabhamuza omoya ngaphakathi kwe-matrix kakhonkolo entsha..
Laba bameleli basebenza ngokunciphisa ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwamanzi axutshwayo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlawulo, ama-air voids ahlakazeke ngokulinganayo kukho konke ukuyaluza komshini noma ukuhlanganisa.
Inhloso eyinhloko ukwakha ukhonkolo wamaselula noma ukhonkolo wesisindo esincane, lapho amabhamuza omoya ahlanganisiwe ehlisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuminyana okuvamile komkhiqizo oqinisiwe kuyilapho egcina ukuzinza okwanele kwezakhiwo..
Ama-Lathering agents ngokuvamile asekelwe kuma-surfactants atholakala kumaphrotheni (njenge-hydrolyzed keratin evela emikhiqizweni yezilwane) noma ama-synthetic surfactants (equkethe i-alkyl sulfonates, utshwala ethoxylated, noma ama-fatty acid derivatives), ngasinye sinikeza ukuphepha kwebhamuza okuhlukile nezici zohlaka lwegwebu.
I-foam edaliwe kufanele iqine ngokwanele ukuze ibekezelele ukuxuba, ukupompa, nezigaba zokuqala zokusetha ngaphandle kokuhlangana okudlulele noma ukugoqa, ukuqinisekisa uhlaka lweselula olufanayo emkhiqizweni wokugcina.
Le porosity eyenziwe ngonjiniyela ithuthukisa ukufakwa kwe-thermal, kunciphisa amathani afile, futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nomlilo, ukwenza ukhonkolo onegwebu lulungele izicelo ezifana ne-insulating flooring screeds, ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwegebe, kanye namaphaneli esisindo sokukhanya enziwe ngaphambili.
1.2 Inhloso kanye nohlelo lwe-Concrete Defoamers
Ngokungqubuzanayo, i-concrete defoamers (eyaziwa nangokuthi abameleli be-anti-foaming) akhiwe ukuze asuse noma anciphise umoya ovaleleke ongafunwa ngaphakathi kwengxube kakhonkolo.
Kulo lonke ukuxuba, ezokuthutha, kanye nokubeka, umoya ungagcina ubanjwe ungaqondile kusimende ngenxa yokukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi kukhonkolo ewuketshezi kakhulu noma ozihlanganisayo (I-SCC) amasistimu anempahla ephezulu ye-superplasticizer.
Lawa mabhamuza omoya akhangisiwe ngokuvamile awalingani ngobukhulu, zihlakazeke kabi, futhi ilimaza izakhiwo zemishini nezobuhle zikakhonkolo oqinisiwe.
Ama-Defoamers asebenza ngokucekela phansi amabhamuza omoya kusixhumi esibonakalayo esinoketshezi olunomoya, ukukhangisa ukubumbana kanye nokudabuka kwamamuvi ama-slim liquid azungeze amabhamuza.
( I-ejenti ekhipha amagwebu)
Ngokuvamile akhiwe ngamafutha angancibiliki (njengamafutha amaminerali noma ama-veggie), ama-polymers asekelwe ku-siloxane (isib., i-polydimethylsiloxane), noma izinhlayiya eziqinile ezifana ne-hydrophobic silica, egcwele ifilimu ye-bubble futhi isheshise ukugeleza kwamanzi nokuwa.
Ngokwehlisa okuqukethwe komoya– ngokuvamile kusuka kumazinga ayinkinga ngaphezulu 5% phansi ku-1– 2%– ama-defoamers athuthukisa ukuqina kokucindezela, ukuthuthukisa enamathela ebusweni, futhi kukhuphule ukuqina ngokunciphisa ukungakwazi ukungena nokuba sengozini okungaba yiqhwa.
2. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Nokuziphatha Okuhlanganayo
2.1 I-Molecular Architecture ye-Foaming Professionals
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-ejenti yokufaka ukhonkolo kuxhumene kakhulu nesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana nomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ubuso.
Abamele amagwebu asekelwe kumaprotheni bancike kuma-polypeptide amaketanga amade avela endaweni yokusebenza yamanzi omoya., ukwakha amafilimu e-viscoelastic asukuma ukuze adabule futhi anikeze ukuqina komshini ezindongeni zebhamuza.
Lawa ma-surfactants emvelo adala amabhamuza amakhulu kodwa azinzile anokubekezela okuhle., ukubenza balungele ukhonkolo wesakhiwo ongasindi.
Ama-Synthetic frothing agents, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibhekana nokuvumelana okungcono futhi azizweli kangako ezinhlobonhlobo zekhemistri yamanzi noma izinga lokushisa.
Zakha ezincane, amabhamuza angaguquki kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwawo kwengcindezi yendawo kanye ne-adsorption kinetics esheshayo, okubangela ukwakheka kwezimbotshana ezinhle kanye nokusebenza okushisayo okuthuthukisiwe.
Ukugxila kwe-micelle ebalulekile (I-CMC) kanye nebhalansi ye-hydrophilic-lipophilic (HLB) ye-surfactant ihlonza ukusebenza kwayo ekukhiqizeni igwebu kanye nokuzinza ngaphansi kwe-shear kanye ne-alkalinity kasimende.
2.2 I-Molecular Architecture ye-Defoamers
Ama-Defoamers asebenza ngedivayisi ehluke ngokuphelele, ukuthembela ekungahlangani nasekungqubuzaneni phakathi kobuso.
Ama-defoam asuselwa ku-silicone, ikakhulukazi i-polydimethylsiloxane (I-PDMS), zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwazo endaweni engaphansi (~ 20– 25 mN/m), okubavumela ukuthi basakaze ngokushesha endaweni yonke yamabhamuza omoya.
Lapho i-defoamer droplet ithinta imuvi yebhamuza, ithuthukisa a “ibhuloho” phakathi kwezindawo zombili zefilimu, okudala ukumanzisa nokugqabuka.
Ama-defoam asuselwa kuwoyela asebenza ngendlela efanayo kodwa awathembeki kangako ekuhlanganiseni uketshezi oluningi lapho ukusakazeka ngokushesha kunganciphisa isenzo sawo..
Ama-Hybrid defoamers afaka izinhlayiya ze-hydrophobic athuthukisa ukusebenza ngokuhlinzeka ngezindawo ze-nucleation ze-bubble coalescence..
Ngokungafani nama-agent okuhlanza, ama-defoam kufanele ancibilike ngokulingene ukuze aqhubeke nokusebenza kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi ngaphandle kokufakwa kuma-micelles noma ancibilikiswe esigabeni esikhulu..
3. Umthelela Kusici Sokhonkolo Omusha Noqinile
3.1 Umthelela Wama-ejenti Akhipha Amagwebu Ekusebenzeni Kakhonkolo
Ukwethulwa komoya ngamabomu ngabameleli abakhihliza amagwebu kuguqula isimo somzimba sikakhonkolo, ukuyisusa ekubeni yinhlanganisela ewugqinsi iye kokungeneka, umkhiqizo onesisindo esincane.
Ubukhulu bungehliswa kusuka kokujwayelekile 2400 kg/m hlanu kuya ku-400– 800 kg/m³, kuye ngokuthi ivolumu yegwebu nokuzinza.
Lokhu kuncipha kuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile ne-conductivity ephansi ye-thermal, ukwenza ukhonkolo onegwebu kube yimpahla yokuvikela esebenzayo enamanani ama-U alungele ukwakha izimvilophu.
Nokho, i-porosity ekhulisiwe iphinde ibangele ukuncipha kokuqina kokucindezela, kudinga ukulawulwa komthamo ngokucophelela futhi ngokuvamile ukufakwa kwezinto ezengeziwe zikasimende (Ama-SCM) njengomlotha wempukane noma i-silica fume ukuthuthukisa amandla odonga lwezimbotshana.
Ukusebenza ngokuvamile kuphezulu ngenxa yomphumela wokugcoba wamabhamuza, nokho ukuhlukaniswa kungenzeka uma ukuphepha kwegwebu kunganele.
3.2 Ithonya lama-Defoamers ekusebenzeni kukakhonkolo
Ama-Defoamers athuthukisa izinga eliphezulu likakhonkolo ojwayelekile kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu ngokususa izinkinga ezibangelwa umoya ovaleleke..
Izikhala zomoya owedlulele zisebenza njengezigxili zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka futhi zinciphisa ingxenye enqamulayo ethwala umthwalo othembekile, kubangela ukuqina okuphansi kokucindezela nokuguquguqukayo.
Ngokunciphisa lezi zikhala, ama-defoamers angakhuphula ukuqina kokucindezela ngo-10– 20%, ikakhulukazi ekuhlanganiseni okunamandla aphezulu lapho ivolumu ngayinye iphesenti yomoya ibalulekile.
Futhi zithuthukisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yendawo ngokugwema ukugoba, izimbobo zezinambuzane, kanye nezinyosi, okubalulekile kukhonkolo wezakhiwo kanye nezicelo ezibheke efomini.
Ezakhiweni ezingenabo amanzi njengeziqukathi zamanzi noma amagumbi angaphansi, ukwehla kwe-porosity kukhulisa ukumelana nokufinyelela kwe-chloride kanye ne-carbonation, ukwandisa ubude besikhathi sokuphila.
4. Izimo Zohlelo Lokusebenza kanye Nezinto Ezivumelanayo Ongazicabangela
4.1 Amacala Okusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile Kwama-ejenti Agwebu
Ama-Frothing agents abalulekile ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo wamaselula osetshenziswa ezingqimbeni zokushisa ezishisayo, ophahleni, kanye namabhulokhi angasindi ngaphambili.
Ziphinde zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ze-geotechnical ezifana nokugcwaliswa kwemisele kanye nokuqiniswa kwegebe., lapho ukuminyana okuphansi kumisa ukugcwala kokungcola okungaphansi.
Kumasethingi anesilinganiso somlilo phezulu, izindawo zokuhlala ezivikelayo noma zezentengiselwano zikakhonkolo onegwebu zinikeza ukuzivikela komlilo okungenasici ezingxenyeni zezakhiwo.
Impumelelo yalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza incike kumadivayisi athile akhiqiza igwebu, evikelekile lathering abameleli, kanye nokwelapha okuhlanganisayo okufanelekile ukwenza ukuzungeza komoya okufanayo.
4.2 Izimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kwama-Defoamers
Ama-Defoamers avame ukusetshenziswa kukhonkolo ozihlanganisayo (I-SCC), lapho uketshezi oluningi kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-superplasticizer kukhulisa khona ingozi yokuvaleleka komoya.
Zibalulekile futhi ku-precast kanye nokhonkolo wezakhiwo, lapho ukuqedwa kwendawo engaphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu, nasekubekweni kukakhonkolo ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho umoya oboshiwe ungabeka engcupheni isibopho nokuqina.
Ama-Defoamers ngokuvamile anezelwa ngemithamo emincane (0.01– 0.1% ngesisindo sikasimende) futhi kufanele ihambisane nezinye izixube, ikakhulukazi polycarboxylate ethers (PCEs), ukugwema ukusebenzisana okungalungile.
Ukuphetha, abamele amagwebu ukhonkolo kanye defoamers bamele 2 ukuphikisa nokho amasu abalulekile ekuphathweni komoya ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zikasimende.
Ngenkathi ama-frothing agents ethula umoya ngamabomu ukuze afeze isisindo esilula futhi avikele amakhaya, ama-defoams aqeda umoya ongafuneki ukuze kukhuliswe amandla kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yendawo.
Ukuqaphela amakhemikhali abo ahlukene, amadivaysi, futhi imiphumela yenza kube nokwenzeka konjiniyela nabakhiqizi ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle okuphathekayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo, ukusebenza, kanye nezidingo zobuhle.
Umhlinzeki
I-Cabr-Concrete ingumphakeli we-Concrete Admixture ene-over 12 Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-nano-building energy ukongiwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology. Yamukela inkokhelo ngekhadi lesikweletu, T/T, I-West Union ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO izothumela izimpahla kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle nge-FedEx, I-DHL, ngomoya, noma ngolwandle. Uma ufuna ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-Concrete Admixture, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi uthumele uphenyo.
Omaka: i-ejenti yokugwedla ukhonkolo,ukhonkolo igwebu agent intengo,i-ejenti yokugwedla ukhonkolo
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