1. Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunye neenjongo eziluncedo kwiTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yanamhlanje
1.1 Umsebenzi kunye noBuchule bee-Agents zokugwebu
(I-ejenti yogwebu ekhonkrithi)
I-concrete lathering agents ziyimixube yeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukwazisa ngenjongo kunye nokugcina umthamo olawulwayo wamaqamza omoya ngaphakathi kwimatrix esitsha yekhonkrithi..
Aba bameli basebenza ngokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi okuxutywa kwamanzi, isenzela ukuba kuphuhliswe isohlwayo, Umoya osasazeke ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke intshukumo yoomatshini okanye ukuxubana.
Eyona njongo iphambili kukudala ikhonkrithi yeselula okanye ikhonkrithi enobunzima obulula, apho amaqamza omoya afakiweyo athoba kakhulu ukuxinana ngokubanzi kwemveliso eqinisiweyo ngelixa ugcina uzinzo olwaneleyo lolwakhiwo..
Ii-agent zokuthambisa zisekwe ngokubanzi kwiprotein-derived surfactants (njenge-hydrolyzed keratin evela kwimveliso yezilwanyana) okanye ii-synthetic surfactants (equka i-alkyl sulfonates, utywala ethoxylated, okanye i-fatty acid derivatives), nganye inika ukhuseleko lweqamza olwahlukileyo kunye neempawu zesakhelo sogwebu.
I-foam eyenziweyo kufuneka iqine ngokwaneleyo ukunyamezela ukuxuba, ukumpompa, kunye nezigaba zokuqala zokuseta ngaphandle kokubambisana okugqithisileyo okanye ukuwa, Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-homogeneous mobile framework kwimveliso yokugqibela.
Le porosity yobunjineli yongeza ukugquma kwe-thermal, kunciphisa iitoni ezifileyo, kwaye kwandisa ukuxhathisa umlilo, ukwenza ikhonkrithi enogwebu ilungele izicelo ezifana ne-insulating flooring screeds, isithuba sokuzaliswa kwamazinyo, kunye neepaneli zobunzima bokukhanya kwangaphambili.
1.2 Injongo kunye neNkqubo yeConcrete Defoamers
Okuchasene, defoamers eziphathekayo (abakwabizwa ngokuba ngabameli abachasene nokugwebu) zenzelwe ukususa okanye ukunciphisa umoya ongafunekiyo ovalelwe ngaphakathi komxube wekhonkrithi.
Ngalo lonke ukuxuba, uthutho, kunye nokubeka, umoya ungaphela ubambeke ngokungazi kwintlama yesamente ngenxa yexhala, ngakumbi kwikhonkrithi emanzi kakhulu okanye ezidibanisayo (SCC) iinkqubo ezinezixhobo eziphezulu ze-superplasticizer.
La maqamza omoya atsalelekayo akholisa ukungalingani ngokomlinganiselo, zihlakazwe kakubi, kunye nokonakalisa iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nobuhle bekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo.
I-Defoamers isebenza ngokuphazamisa amaqamza omoya kwi-interface yolwelo lomoya, intengiso ye-coalescence kunye nokukrazuka kolwelo bhanyabhanya olubhityileyo olungqonge amaqamza.
( I-ejenti yogwebu ekhonkrithi)
Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngeeoyile ezinganyibilikiyo (njengeminerali okanye ioyile yemifuno), iipolima ezisekelwe kwi-siloxane (umz., polydimethylsiloxane), okanye amasuntswana aqinileyo afana ne-hydrophobic silica, ezityhutyha imuvi yebhamuza kwaye ikhawulezise umjelo wamanzi kunye nokuwa.
Ngokunciphisa umxholo womoya– ngokubanzi ukusuka kwiidigri eziyingxaki ngaphezulu 5% phantsi ukuya ku-1– 2%– i-defoamers iphucula ukuqina koxinzelelo, ukuphucula umgangatho wokwaleka, kunye nokuqinisa ukuqina ngokunciphisa ukungeneka kunye nokuba sesichengeni sokukhenkceza okunokubakho.
2. Ukubunjwa kweMichiza kunye nokuPhatha koMphakathi
2.1 I-Molecular Architecture yeeNgcali eziFoaming
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-agent ye-concrete lathering isondelene kakhulu nesakhiwo sayo se-molecular kunye nomsebenzi we-interfacial.
Abameli beprotein esekwe kugwebu baxhomekeke kwiipolypeptides ezinde ezityhileka kujongano lwamanzi omoya., ukwenza iifilimu ze-viscoelastic ezimele ukukrazula kunye nokubonelela ngokuqina koomatshini kwiindonga ze-bubble.
Ezi zinto zendalo zangaphandle zenza amaqamza amakhulu kodwa azinzile ngonyamezelo oluhle., izenza zilungele ulwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu.
Iiarhente zokwenziwa kwamagwebu, kwelinye icala, jongana nokungaguquguquki ngcono kwaye abanovelwano kakhulu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zekhemistri yamanzi okanye iqondo lobushushu.
Zenza zibe zincinci, amaqamza angaguquguqukiyo ngakumbi ngenxa yokuncipha koxinzelelo lwawo lomhlaba kunye ne-adsorption kinetics ekhawulezayo., kubangela ubume bepore obucolekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermal.
Ugxininiso lwemicelle ebalulekileyo (CMC) kunye ne-hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) ye-surfactant ichonga ukusebenza kwayo ekuveliseni amagwebu kunye nozinzo phantsi kokucheba kunye nealkalinity yesamente.
2.2 I-Molecular Architecture ye-Defoamers
Iidefoams zisebenza ngesixhobo esahlukileyo, ukuxhomekeka ekungangqinelaniyo kunye nongquzulwano phakathi kobuso.
I-silicone-based defoamers, ngakumbi i-polydimethylsiloxane (I-PDMS), zisebenza kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwazo koxinzelelo kwindawo ephezulu (~ 20– 25 mN/m), ezivumela ukuba zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza kuwo wonke umphezulu wamaqamza omoya.
Xa i-droplet ye-defoamer iqhagamshelana ne-movie ye-bubble, iphuhlisa a “ibhulorho” phakathi kweendawo zombini zefilimu, ukuvelisa ukumanzi nokugqabhuka.
Iidefoams ezisekwe kwi-oyile zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nangona kunjalo azithembekanga kangako kwimixube enolwelo oluphezulu apho ukusasazwa okukhawulezileyo kunokunciphisa isenzo sazo..
I-Hybrid defoamers kubandakanywa amasuntswana e-hydrophobic akhuthaza ukusebenza ngokunikezela ngeendawo ze-nucleation ze-bubble coalescence..
Ngokungafaniyo neearhente zokulahla, i-defoamers kufuneka inyibilike ngokuphakathi ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza kujongano lomsebenzisi ngaphandle kokuqukwa ngqo kwiimicelles okanye inyibilikiswe kwinqanaba lobunzima..
3. Impembelelo kwiNdawo yeConcrete eNtsha kunye neQinisiweyo
3.1 Impembelelo yee-Agents eziFoaming kwi-Concrete Performance
Ukungeniswa ngamabomu komoya ngokusebenzisa abameli be-foaming kuguqula ubume bomzimba bekhonkrithi, ukuyisusa ukusuka kwidityani elishinyeneyo ukuya kwindawo engenekayo, imveliso ukukhanya-ubunzima.
Ukutyeba kunokuthotywa ukusuka kwisiqhelo 2400 kg/m ezintlanu ukuya ngaphantsi njenge 400– 800 kg/m³, kuxhomekeke kumthamo we-foam kunye nokuzinza.
Oku kuncipha kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal, ukwenza ikhonkrithi enogwebu ibe yimathiriyeli esebenzayo ekhuselayo enemilinganiselo ye-U efanelekileyo yokwakha iimvulophu.
Nangona kunjalo, i-porosity eyongeziweyo ibangela ukuncipha kokuqina koxinzelelo, kufuna ukulawulwa kwethamo ngononophelo kwaye kaninzi ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zesamente (Ii-SCMs) njengothuthu lwempukane okanye umsi wesilica ukuphucula ukomelela kodonga lwepore.
Ukusebenza kuqhelekile ngenxa yesiphumo sokuthambisa samaqamza, nangona kunjalo ulwahlulo lungenzeka ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-foam alunelanga.
3.2 Impembelelo ye-Defoamers kwi-Concrete Performance
I-Defoamers iphucula umgangatho ophezulu wekhonkrithi esemgangathweni kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu ngokususa iingxaki ezibangelwa ngumoya obanjwe..
Izithuba zomoya ezigqithisileyo zisebenza njengoxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba okugxininisekileyo kunye nokunciphisa i-cross-bearing loading cross-section, kubangela uxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye ne-flexural stamina.
Ngokunciphisa ezi zithuba, i-defoams inokunyusa ukuqina koxinzelelo nge-10– 20%, ngakumbi kwimixube ephezulu yamandla apho yonke ipesenti yomthamo womoya ibalulekile.
Zikwaphucula umgangatho ophezulu ngokunqanda ukugqobhoza, imingxuma yezinambuzane, kunye nencindi yobusi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwikhonkrithi yezokwakha kunye nefomu ejongene nezicelo.
Kwizakhiwo ezingenazibhobhozo ezifana nezikhongozeli zamanzi okanye amagumbi angaphantsi, i-porosity ephantsi iphakamisa ukuxhathisa ukufikelela kwi-chloride kunye ne-carbonation, ukwandisa ubude bobomi.
4. Imixholo yeSicelo kunye neMiba ehambelanayo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe
4.1 Iimeko zokuSebenza eziqhelekileyo kwii-Agents zokugwebu
Ii-agent ze-Frothing zibalulekile kwimveliso yekhonkrithi yeselula esetyenziswa kwiileya zokufakelwa kwe-thermal, iidekhi zokufulela, kunye neebhloko ze-precast lightweight.
Zikwasetyenziswa ngokunjalo kwizicelo ze-geotechnical ezifana nokuzaliswa ngasemva komsele kunye nokuzinziswa kwesithuba., apho uxinano oluphantsi luyeka ukugcwala kobumdaka obungaphantsi.
Kwiisetingi ezilinganiswe nomlilo phezulu, indawo ekhuselayo yokuhlala okanye iipropathi zorhwebo zekhonkrithi enogwebu zibonelela ngokhuselo lomlilo olungenamsebenzi kwimiba yolwakhiwo..
Impumelelo yezi zicelo ixhomekeke kwizixhobo ezithile zokuvelisa amagwebu, abameli be-lathering ekhuselekileyo, kunye nonyango oludibanisayo olufanelekileyo ukwenza ukujikeleza komoya okufanayo.
4.2 Iimeko zokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwi-Defoamers
I-Defoamers idla ngokusetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi yokuzidibanisa (SCC), apho ubumanzi obuphezulu kunye nomxholo we-superplasticizer wonyusa umngcipheko wokuvalelwa komoya.
Zikwabalulekile kwi-precast kunye ne-architectural concrete, apho ukugqiba umgangatho kubaluleke kakhulu, nakwindawo ebekwe phantsi kwamanzi ikhonkrithi, apho umoya ovalelweyo unokubeka emngciphekweni ubudlelwane kunye nokomelela.
Ii-defoamers zihlala zongezwa kwiidosi ezincinci (0.01– 0.1% ngobunzima besamente) kwaye kufuneka ihambelane neminye imixube, ngokukodwa ii-polycarboxylate ethers (PCEs), ukuphepha ukusebenzisana okungalunganga.
Ukushwankathela, abameli bekhonkrithi kunye ne-defoamers bamele 2 ukuchasa kodwa amaqhinga abalulekileyo kulawulo lomoya ngaphakathi kweenkqubo zesamente.
Ngelixa ii-ejenti ze-frothing zibonisa ngabom umoya ukuze kufezekiswe ubunzima obulula kunye nokukhusela amakhaya, i-defoams isusa umoya ongafunekiyo ukunyusa amandla kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wendawo.
Ukuqaphela iikhemistri zabo ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo, kwaye iziphumo zenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba iinjineli kunye nabavelisi bandise ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkrithi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zoyilo, ukusebenza, kunye neemfuno zobuhle.
Umboneleli
I-Cabr-Concrete ngumthengisi we-Concrete Admixture ene-over 12 iminyaka yamava kwi-nano-building energy yogcino kunye nophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology. Iyayamkela intlawulo ngekhadi letyala, T/T, I-West Union kunye ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO iya kuthumela iimpahla kubathengi phesheya ngokusebenzisa i-FedEx, DHL, ngomoya, okanye ngolwandle. Ukuba ujonge umgangatho ophezulu weConcrete Admixture, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwaye uthumele umbuzo.
Iithegi: iarhente yogwebu,ixabiso arhente ukugwebu,i-agent ekhupha amagwebu kwikhonkrithi
Onke amanqaku kunye nemifanekiso avela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba ye-copyright, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha lokucima.
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