1. Uyilo lweNanoscale kunye noPhando lweNzululwazi yeMathiriyeli yeeAerogels
1.1 IGenesis kunye neSikhokelo esiBalulekileyo seeMveliso ze-Airgel
(I-Airgel Insulation Coatings)
Iingubo zokugquma i-Airgel zibonisa uphuhliso oluguqukileyo ekubekeni iliso kuthekhnoloji yanamhlanje, iingcambu kwi-nanostructure eyahlukileyo ye-aerogels– I-ultra-lightweight, iimveliso ezinamanzi zivela kwiijeli apho ulwelo lutshintshwa ngerhasi ngaphandle kokudiliza inethiwekhi eyomeleleyo.
Okokuqala yasekwa ngo-1930 nguSamuel Kistler, Ii-aerogels ziqhubekile ukuba uninzi lokubuza elabhoratri amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yobuthathaka kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokwenziwa..
Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwangoku kwi-sol-gel chemistry kunye nezicwangciso zokomisa zenze ukuba kwenzeke ukudityaniswa kwamasuntswana e-airgel aguquke, iyatshizwa, kunye nokwakheka ko maleko obubrashwa, ukuvula amandla abo osetyenziso lwentengiso oluxhaphakileyo.
Undoqo wesakhono sokugquma esimangalisayo se-aerogel sikwisakhelo se-nanoscale permeable framework.: ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-silica (SiO ₂), imathiriyeli ibonisa i-porosity ehamba ngaphaya 90%, kunye nobungakanani bepore ikakhulu kwi-2– 50 nm uluhlu– zidweliswe kakuhle ngezantsi kwekhosi yeendleko zamasuntswana omoya (~ 70 nm kwiingxaki ezingqongileyo).
Le nanoconfinement inciphisa kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal yegesi, njengoko amasuntswana omoya engakwazi ukuhambisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla e-kinetic ngokungqubana phakathi kwezo ndawo zinemiqobo.
Ngaxeshanye, uthungelwano lwe-silica eyomeleleyo yenzelwe ukuba ibe tortuous kakhulu kwaye ingaqhubeki, ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa okufudumeleyo okuqhubekileyo ngenqanaba eliqinileyo.
Isiphumo sisixhobo esinenye yezona zinto zifikelelekayo ze-thermal conductivities naluphi na uhlobo olunamandla olwaziwayo– ngokubanzi phakathi 0.012 kwaye 0.018 W/m · K kumgangatho wobushushu bendawo– ukuya ngaphaya kwezinto ezisemgangathweni zokugquma njengoboya beminerali, i-polyurethane foam, okanye ukwanda kwepolystyrene.
1.2 Uphuhliso ukusuka kwi-Monolithic Aerogels ukuya kwii-Compound Coatings
Ii-aerogels zangaphambili zaveliswa njengeethe-ethe, iibhloko ze-monolithic, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwi-niche ethile ye-aerospace kunye nezicelo zeklinikhi.
Ukutshintshela kwisigqubuthelo sokugquma kwejeli yomoya edityanisiweyo kuqhutywe yimfuno yezinto eziguquguqukayo, ngokusesikweni, kunye nemiqobo ye-thermal scalable enokuthi ihambelane neejometri ezinzima ezifana nemibhobho, ukuvalwa, kunye neendawo zomphezulu zezixhobo ezingalinganiyo.
Iileya ze-airgel zanamhlanje ziquka iigranules ze-airgel ezigxutywe ngononophelo (ngokwesiqhelo 1– 10 µm ngobukhulu) zisasazwe ngaphakathi kwizibophelelo zepolymeric ezifana ne-acrylics, ii-silicones, okanye epoxies.
( I-Airgel Insulation Coatings)
Ezi fomula zemixube zigcina uninzi lwentsebenzo yobushushu yangaphakathi yee-aerogels ezisulungekileyo ngelixa ufumana ukomelela koomatshini., ibhondi, kunye nokumelana nemozulu.
Inqanaba lokubopha, ngelixa ngandlel ithile inyusa i-thermal conductivity, inika umanyano olubalulekileyo kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo zorhwebo kubandakanya ukutshiza, ukuqengqeleka, okanye ukudipha.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iqhezu lobungakanani besuntswana le-airgel liphuculwe ukuzinzisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-insulation kunye nokuzinza kwefilimu– ziqhele ukuhluka ukusuka 40% ukuya 70% ngomthamo kwiifomyula eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Esi sicwangciso esidibeneyo sigcina impembelelo yaseKnudsen (ukuncitshiswa kwe-gas-phase conduction kwi-nanopores) ngelixa uvumela izakhiwo ezisebenzisekayo ezifana nokuguquguquka, ukugxotha amanzi, kunye nokumelana nomlilo.
2. Ukusebenza kweThermal kunye ne-Multimodal Heat Transfer Suppression
2.1 Iinkqubo ze-Thermal Insulation kwi-Nanoscale
Ukufakwa kwe-Airgel ukugqiba ukufezekisa ukusebenza kwabo okuphezulu ngabo bonke ngaxeshanye ukunciphisa konke 3 iindlela zokudlulisa okufudumeleyo: usulelo, ukuhambisa, kunye nemitha.
Ukuhanjiswa kobushushu okuqhubayo kuncitshiswe ngokudityaniswa konxibelelwano oluncitshisiweyo lwenqanaba eliqinileyo kunye nesakhiwo se-nanoporous esithintela ukuhamba kwamasuntswana egesi..
Ngenxa yokuba inethiwekhi ye-airgel iqulethe ngokugqithiseleyo, iinwele ze-silica ezidibeneyo (ngokuqhelekileyo iinanometers ezimbalwa ngobukhulu), indlela yothutho lwephonon (ukungcangcazela kweletisi ethwala ubushushu) ilinganiselwe kakhulu.
Esi simbo solwakhiwo sinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindawo ezikufutshane zokugqiba, ukunciphisa ukudibanisa kwe-thermal.
Ukuhanjiswa okufudumeleyo kweConvective kulahlekile ngokwendalo ngaphakathi kwe-nanopores ngenxa yokungaphumeleli komoya ukuphuhlisa imisinga yokuhambisa kwiindawo ezinjalo ezivaliweyo..
Kwakhona kwiindidi ze-macroscopic, I-airgel efakwe ngokufanelekileyo igqiba ukulahla i-air voids kunye neendawo ezithintekayo ezichaphazela iinkqubo zokugquma., ngokukodwa kwizavenge ezithe nkqo okanye ezijingayo.
Ukugqithiswa kobushushu bemitha, olufika lube lukhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (> 100 °C), iyancitshiswa ngokudityaniswa kwee-opacifiers ze-infrared ezifana ne-carbon black, titanium dioxide, okanye ii-pigments ze-ceramic.
Ezi zithako zonyusa ukukhanya kwesigqubuthelo kwimitha ye-infrared, Ukusasaza kunye nokuthatha iifotoni ze-thermal phambi kokuba zikwazi ukunqumla ubuninzi bokugquma.
I-synergy yezi nkqubo iphumela kwimveliso ebonelela ngokulinganayo kokuthotywa kwe-insulation kwiqhezu lobuninzi bezinto zemveli– ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphumeza amaxabiso e-R (ukumelana nobushushu) inani lamaxesha aphezulu ngobunzima beyunithi nganye.
2.2 Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiNqanaba loBubushushu kunye neengxaki zokusiNgqongileyo
Phakathi kwezona ncedo zinyanzelisayo zokugqitywa kokugqunyelelwa kwe-airgel kukusebenza kwazo rhoqo kwiqondo lobushushu elibanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo iyahluka kumaqondo obushushu cryogenic (-200 °C) ukuya ngaphaya 600 °C, kuxhomekeke kwisixokelelwano sokubopha esisetyenzisiweyo.
Kwiqondo lokushisa elincitshisiweyo, njengakwimibhobho ye-LNG okanye iinkqubo zesikhenkcisi, Izaleko ze-airgel zikhusela ekujikeni kunye nofikelelo olusezantsi lobushushu ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela ezisekwe ngamagwebu.
Xa kushushu, ngakumbi kwizixhobo zenkqubo yoshishino, iinkqubo zokukhupha, okanye izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane, zikhusela ii-substrates ezisezantsi ekuwohlokeni kobushushu ngelixa zinciphisa ilahleko yamandla.
Ngokungafaniyo namagwebu endalo anokubola okanye atshise, I-silica-based airgel igqiba ukuhlala iqinile kwaye ingatshi, ukongeza kwiindlela ezilula zokukhusela umlilo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukufunxwa kwamaza aphantsi kunye nonyango lomphezulu we-hydrophobic (ifumaneka rhoqo ngokusebenza kwe-silane) thintela ukutshatyalaliswa komsebenzi kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezimanzi– ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kokumisela ukugquma okurhabaxa.
3. Ubuchwephesha beSisombululo kunye nokuFaniswa okuSebenzayo kwiiCoatings
3.1 UKhetho lweBinder kunye noYilo lwePropati yokuHlala yoomatshini okanye yePropati yoRhwebo
Ukukhetha i-binder kwi-airgel insulation layers ibalulekile ekuzinziseni ukusebenza kwe-thermal kunye nobomi obude kunye nokulula kwesicelo..
Izibophelelo ezisekelwe kwi-silicone zisebenzisa uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye nokumelana ne-UV, izenza zilungele usetyenziso lwangaphandle kunye nezorhwebo.
Izibophelelo ze-Acrylic zibonelela ngokubambelela kakuhle kwiintsimbi kunye nekhonkrithi, kunye nokusebenziseka lula kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-VOC okuphantsi, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphuhlisa iimvulophu kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa.
Iifomyula eziguqulwe nge-epoxy zongeza ukuxhathisa kweekhemikhali kunye namandla omatshini, luncedo kwiindawo zasemanzini okanye eziyingozi.
Abaqulunqi ngokufanayo babandakanya izilungisi zerheology, abasasaza, kunye nabameli abadibanisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwebit okufanayo, yeka ukulungisa, kunye nokuphucula uphuhliso lwefilim.
Ukuba bhetyebhetye kulungelelaniswe ngononophelo kakhulu ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kuyo yonke ibhayisekile eshushu okanye i-substratum deformation, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezidlamkileyo ezifana namalungu ophuhliso okanye oomatshini abangcangcazelayo.
3.2 Ukomelezwa kwezinto ezininzi kunye ne-Smart Coating Potential
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal kwangaphambili, ugqibo lwe-airgel lwanamhlanje luyilwa ngobuchule obongezelelweyo.
Eminye imixube ineebala ezinqanda ukubola okanye abameli abaziphilisayo abongeza ubomi obulindelekileyo besinyithi..
Ezinye zibandakanya iimveliso zokutshintsha isigaba (PCMs) ngaphakathi kwe-matrix ukunika ugcino lwamandla obushushu, ukugudisa utshintsho lobushushu kwizakhiwo okanye iiyunithi zedijithali.
Uphononongo lophando olusakhulayo luphonononga ukwenziwa kwe-nanomaterials conductive (umz., carbon nanotubes) ukuvumela ukulandelwa kwe-in-situ yokunyaniseka kokugqiba okanye ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lobushushu– uvula indlela “krelekrele” iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ezishushu.
Ezi zakhono zininzi ziseta i-airgel ayigqibi nje njengezikhuseli ezingasebenziyo kodwa njengamacandelo anamandla kwiziseko zophuhliso ezikrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zowonga amandla..
4. Izicelo zoShishino kunye nezoRhwebo zokuqhuba iMarike
4.1 Ukusebenza koMbane kuLwakhiwo kunye namaCandelo oShishino
Iingubo zokugquma i-Airgel zihanjiswa ngokuqhubekayo kwizakhiwo zoshishino, iindawo zokucoca, kunye nezixhobo zombane zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Ifakwe kwimigca yomphunga, iibhoyila, kunye nabatshintshiselwano abashushu, banciphise kakhulu ukulahleka kobushushu, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yegesi.
Kwiimeko zokubuyisela, iprofayili yabo ebhityileyo ivumela ukugquma ukuba kongezwe ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo lwesakhiwo, igumbi lokukhusela kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla.
Kulwakhiwo lwasekhaya kunye neshishini kunye nolwakhiwo, Iipeyinti ezenziwe nge-aerogel kunye ne-plasters zisetyenziswa eludongeni, izigqubuthelo zophahla, kunye neefestile zasekhaya ukunyusa lula ubushushu kunye nokunciphisa amaqashiso e-HVAC.
4.2 I-Niche kunye ne-High-Performance Applications
I-aerospace, ezizenzekelayo, kunye namacandelo e-electronics athatha ithuba lokugqitywa kwe-airgel ekujongeni ubunzima kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-thermal..
Kwilori zombane, zikhusela imithwalo yebhetri kwimithombo eshushu eshushu kunye nemithombo eshushu engaphandle.
Kwi-elektroniki, Iileya zejeli zomoya ezibhityileyo kakhulu zikhusela amandla aphezulu kwaye zinqanda iindawo ezishushu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwindawo yokugcina i-cryogenic, iindawo zegumbi, kunye nezixhobo ezinzulu zolwandle zigxininisa ingqibelelo yazo kwiimeko ezinzima.
Njengoko ukwenza uluhlu kunye neendleko zincipha, Izigqubuthelo zokugquma i-airgel zibekwe ukuba zibe lilitye lembombo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo nesakhelo esihlala sihleli.
5. Umthengisi
I-TRUNANO ngumthengisi we-Spherical Tungsten Powder ene-over 12 iminyaka yamava kwi-nano-building energy yogcino kunye nophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology. Iyayamkela intlawulo ngekhadi letyala, T/T, I-West Union kunye ne-Paypal. I-Trunnano iya kuthumela iimpahla kubathengi phesheya ngokusebenzisa i-FedEx, DHL, ngomoya, okanye ngolwandle. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngeSpherical Tungsten Powder, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwaye uthumele umbuzo([email protected]).
Ithegi: I-Silica Airgel Thermal Insulation Coating, ukugquma kwe-thermal insulation, I-airgel yokufakelwa kwe-thermal
Onke amanqaku kunye nemifanekiso avela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba ye-copyright, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha lokucima.
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