1. I-Material Foundation kanye ne-Crystallographic Identification ye-Alumina Ceramics
1.1 Isitayela Se-athomu Nokuphepha Kwesigaba
(I-Alumina Ceramics)
Alumina porcelains, ikakhulukazi yakhiwe nge-lightweight aluminium oxide (Kubili O TWO), imelela elinye lamakilasi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezitsha zobumba ngenxa yokulingana kwazo okumangalisayo kokuqina kwemishini., amandla ashisayo, kanye ne-inertness yamakhemikhali.
Ngeziqu ze-athomu, ukusebenza kahle kwe-alumina kusekelwe esakhiweni sayo se-crystalline, ngesigaba se-alpha esivikelekile se-thermodynamically (α-Al ₂ O ESITHUPHA) ukuba yifomu elibusayo elisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuklama.
Lesi sigaba samukela uhlelo lwekristalu lwe-rhombohedral ngaphakathi kwe-hexagonal evaliwe egcwele (HCP) uthayela, lapho ama-anion e-oksijini enza ilungiselelo eliminyene futhi ama-aluminium cations anesisindo esincane athatha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamawebhusayithi e-octahedral interstitial.
Uhlaka oluvelayo luzinzile ngokwedlulele, ingeza kusici sokuncibilika esiphezulu se-alumina cishe 2072 ° C kanye nokumelana kwayo nokubola ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo namakhemikhali.
Ngenkathi izigaba ze-alumina zesikhashana ezifana ne-gamma (c), i-delta (d), kanye nethi (i) zikhona emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi zibonise izindawo ezingaphezulu, ayakwazi ukumetastable futhi aguquleke ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa aye esigabeni se-alpha lapho eshisisa ngaphezulu 1100 °C, okwenza i-α-Al two O ₃ ibe yisiteji esikhethekile sezinto zokwakha ezisebenza kahle nezisebenzayo.
1.2 I-Compositional Grading kanye ne-Microstructural Engineering
Izindlu ze-alumina porcelain azinakekelwa kodwa zingalungiswa ngokuhlukahluka okulawulwayo ngobumsulwa., ubukhulu bokusanhlamvu, kanye nokwengezwa kwezinsiza zokucula.
Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-alumina (≥ 99.5% Al ₂ O ₃) isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla amakhulu emishini, ukufakwa kukagesi, kanye nokumelana nokusabalalisa kwe-ion, njengasekucutshungulweni kwe-semiconductor kanye nama-insulators ane-voltage ephezulu.
Amabanga aphansi (ehluka ukusuka 85% ku 99% Al Two O TWO) ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izigaba zesibili njenge-mullite (3Konke okubili O OKUHLANU · 2SiO ₂) noma ama-silicates acwebezelayo, okuthuthukisa i-sinterability kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo ekusetshenzisweni kokuqina nokusebenza kwe-dielectric.
Isici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle ukulawula usayizi wokusanhlamvu; ama-microstructures ahlanzekile, ifinyelelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-magnesium oxide (MgO) njengendlela yokuvimbela ukukhula okusanhlamvu, thuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuqina kokuphuka kanye nokuqina kwe-flexural ngokunciphisa ukwanda kokuhlukana.
I-Porosity, ngisho nasemazingeni aphansi, inomphumela oyingozi kubuqotho bemishini, futhi izitsha zobumba ze-alumina eziwugqinsi ngokugcwele zivame ukukhiqizwa ngezindlela zokucwilisa ezisizwa yingcindezi njengokuphusha okushisayo noma ukusunduza kwe-isostatic okushisayo. (I-HIP).
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokwakheka, microstructure, kanye nokucubungula kucacisa imvilophu ewusizo lapho ama-porcelain e-alumina asebenza khona, okwenza zikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuwo wonke uchungechunge olukhulu lwamagama esizinda sezimboni nezobuchwepheshe.
( I-Alumina Ceramics)
2. Ukusebenza Kwemishini Nokushisa Ezindaweni Ezidingayo
2.1 Amandla, Ukuqina, kanye ne-Wear Resistance
Izitsha zobumba ze-alumina zibonisa ingxube ehlukile yokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina kokuqhekeka okumaphakathi, izenza zibe zinhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezibandakanya ukugqokwa okungajabulisi, ukuguguleka, kanye nomthelela.
Nge-Vickers ukuqina okuvame ukuhluka kusuka 15 ku 20 Isilinganiso sephoyinti lebanga, I-alumina ibalwa phakathi kwemikhiqizo yobunjiniyela enzima kakhulu, idlulwe ngerubi kuphela, i-cubic boron nitride, kanye nama-carbides athile.
Lobu bunzima obukhulu buguquka bube ukumelana okuphawulekayo nokuklwebheka, ukugaya, kanye nokufakwa kwe-fragment, esetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezifana nemibhobho ye-sandblasting, imishini yokusika, futha izimpawu, namalayini angagugi.
Amandla e-Flexural abalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo ze-alumina eminyene ukusuka 300 ku 500 I-MPa, kuye ngobumsulwa kanye ne-microstructure, kuyilapho ukuqina okucindezelayo kungadlulela ngalé 2 Isilinganiso sephoyinti lebanga, okwenza izingxenye ze-alumina zikwazi ukumelana namathani aphezulu emishini ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Naphezu kokuqina kwayo– isici esijwayelekile phakathi kwama-porcelain– Ukusebenza kwe-alumina kungathuthukiswa ngesakhiwo sejometri, imisebenzi yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka, kanye nezindlela zokusekela eziyinhlanganisela, njengokuhlanganiswa kwezingcezu ze-zirconia ukuze kukhiqizwe i-makeover toughening.
2.2 Imikhuba Eshisayo Nokuphepha Kobukhulu
Indawo yokuhlala eshisayo noma yezentengiselwano ye-alumina porcelain ibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesimo sezulu esinamabhayisikili ashisayo..
Nge-thermal conductivity engu-20– 30 W/m · K– inkulu kunama-polymer amaningi futhi iqhathaniswa nezinye izinsimbi– i-alumina iqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo, ukuyenza ilungele osinki abafudumele, i-insulating substrates, kanye nezakhi zomlilo.
I-coefficient yayo ephansi yokuthuthukiswa kokushisa (~ 8 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K) iqinisekisa ukuguqulwa okuncane kakhulu kokupholisa nokushisisa, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kokushaqeka okushisayo.
Lokhu kuzinza kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezifana namashubhu okuvikela e-thermocouple, ama-insulators wesistimu yokushisa, kanye ne-semiconductor wafer enakekela amasistimu, lapho kubalulekile ukulawula ubukhulu obunembile.
I-Alumina igcina ukuqina kwayo komshini cishe amazinga okushisa angu-1600– 1700 ° C emoyeni, ngale kwalokho ukutshuza nomkhawulo wokusanhlamvu kungase kuqale, kuye ngobumsulwa kanye ne-microstructure.
Ku-vacuum cleaner noma kuma-ambience angasebenzi, ukusebenza kwayo kuyanda futhi, ukwenza kube umkhiqizo othandwayo wezinsimbi ezisekelwe emkhathini kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-physics yamandla aphezulu.
3. Izimpawu zikagesi neze-Dielectric ze-Advanced Technologies
3.1 I-Insulation kanye ne-High-Voltge Applications
Phakathi kwezici eziwusizo kakhulu ze-alumina porcelain amandla awo okuvikela ugesi ahlukile.
Ngokumelana nevolumu kudlula 10 ¹⁴ Ω · amasentimitha ezingeni lokushisa lendawo kanye nokuqina kwe-dielectric okungu-10– 15 kV/mm, i-alumina isebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile kumasistimu anamandla kagesi aphezulu, okuhlanganisa imishini yokudlulisa amandla, i-switchgear, kanye nokupakishwa kwedijithali.
I-dielectric yayo ihambisana (εᵣ ≈ 9– 10 kwe 1 MHz) ivikeleke ngokufanelekile kulo lonke uhlobo olubanzi lwefrikhwensi, okwenza kube kuhle ukusetshenziswa kuma-capacitor, Izingxenye ze-RF, kanye ne-microwave substratum.
Ukulahleka kwe-dielectric okuphansi (ithini δ < 0.0005) makes certain marginal energy dissipation in rotating existing (AIR CONDITIONING) applications, boosting system effectiveness and reducing heat generation.
Ebhodini lomama eliphrintiwe (Ama-PCB) kanye ne-hybrid microelectronics, ama-alumina substrates ahlinzeka ngosizo lwemishini kanye nokuhlukaniswa kukagesi ukuze kutholakale imikhondo yokuqondisa, okuvumela ukuminyana kwesekethe ephezulu kuzilungiselelo ezinzima.
3.2 Ukusebenza Kwendawo Enhle Kakhulu futhi Ebucayi
I-alumina ceramics ifaniswe ngokugqamile ukuze isetshenziswe ku-vacuum cleaner, i-cryogenic, kanye nomkhathi oshisa kakhulu ngemisebe ngenxa yokwehliswa kwamanani entengo yokukhipha umoya kanye nokumelana nemisebe ye-ionizing.
Kuma-accelerator ayizinhlayiyana nama-reactor ahlangene, ama-alumina insulators asetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa ama-electrode ane-voltage ephezulu kanye nezinzwa zokuhlaziya ngaphandle kokwethula izinto ezingcolisayo noma ezilulazayo ngaphansi kokuchayeka okuqondile kwemisebe yesikhathi eside..
Ubunjalo bazo obungewona uzibuthe futhi bubenza bafaneleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezibandakanya izizibuthe ezinamandla, njenge-imaging resonance magnetic (I-MRI) izinhlelo kanye nozibuthe superconducting.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-biocompatibility ye-alumina kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali empeleni kulethe ukwamukelwa kwayo kumagajethi omtholampilo, okuhlanganisa izimila zomlomo kanye nezakhi zamathambo, lapho ukuvikeleka okuhlala njalo kanye nokungenzi kabusha kubalulekile.
4. Izimboni, Ezobuchwepheshe, kanye Nezicelo Ezisafufusa
4.1 Umsebenzi Wezisetshenziswa Zezimboni kanye Nokucubungula Amakhemikhali
Ama-porcelain e-alumina asetshenziswa kahle kumishini yokuhweba lapho ukumelana nokufakwa, ukuwohloka, futhi amazinga okushisa aphezulu abalulekile.
Izingxenye ezifana ne-pump seal, izihlalo ze-valve, imibhobho, futhi imidiya yokugaya imvamisa yenziwa nge-alumina ngenxa yekhono layo lokubekezelela udaka olubi., amakhemikhali anobutha, namazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Ezitshalweni zokuphatha amakhemikhali, i-alumina linings ivikela ama-activator namapayipi ekutelekeni kwe-asidi ne-alkali, ukwandisa impilo yamathuluzi kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokugcina.
Ukungangeni kwayo kuyenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-semiconductor, lapho ukulawula ukungcola kubalulekile; amagumbi e-alumina nezikebhe eziyisilutshwana kwembulwa ku-plasma etching kanye ne-high-purity gas atmospheres ngaphandle kokungcola..
4.2 Ukulinganisa ngqo ku-Advanced Production kanye nefuture Technologies
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezedlule, izitsha zobumba ze-alumina zidlala umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ekuqhamukeni kwezinto ezintsha.
Ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe, ama-alumina powders asetshenziswa ku-binder jetting kanye ne-stereolithography (UMAKHELWANE OHLULEKAYO) icwenga ukwenza inkimbinkimbi, izingxenye ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-aerospace kanye nezinhlelo zamandla.
Amafilimu e-alumina enziwe nge-nanostructured ayahlolwa ukuze athole usizo lwe-catalytic, amayunithi ezinzwa, kanye nokuqedwa okungahambisani nokubukisa ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuphezulu kanye nekhemistri yendawo efundekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe ku-alumina, njenge-Al Two O FOUR-ZrO ₂ noma i-Al Two O FOUR-SiC, zithuthukiswa ukuze zinqobe ukuqina kwangaphakathi kwe-monolithic alumina, inikeza ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwezinto zokwakha zesizukulwane esilandelayo.
Njengoba imikhakha isalokhu icindezela imingcele yokusebenza kahle nobuqotho, izitsha zobumba ze-alumina zihlala zihamba phambili ekusungulweni kwezinto ezintsha, ukuxhuma isikhala phakathi kokusebenza kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kalula.
Ngokufigqiwe, i-alumina ceramics ayiyona nje inkambo yezinto eziphikisayo kodwa iyitshe eliyinhloko lomklamo wesimanje, ukuvumela inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kuwo wonke amandla, electronics, ukunakekela impilo, kanye ne-automation yezentengiselwano.
Ingxube yabo ehlukile yezakhiwo– igxile kuhlaka lwe-athomu futhi yathuthukiswa ngokuphathwa okuyinkimbinkimbi– iqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwazo okuqhubekayo kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe nezisafufusa.
Njengoba isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo iqhubeka, i-alumina ngokungangabazeki izohlala ingumsizi obalulekile wezinhlelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezisebenza eduze nokweqisa ngokomzimba kanye nemvelo..
5. Umhlinzeki
Le nkampani Alumina Technology Co., Ltd., Ltd igxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwe-aluminium oxide powder, imikhiqizo ye-aluminium oxide, i-aluminium oxide crucible, njll., ukusebenzela ugesi, izitsha zobumba, izimboni zamakhemikhali nezinye. Selokhu yasungulwa ngo 2005, inkampani izibophezele ekuhlinzekeni amakhasimende ngemikhiqizo namasevisi angcono kakhulu. Uma ufuna izinga eliphezulu i-zirconia ye-alumina eqinile, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi. ([email protected])
Omaka: I-Alumina Ceramics, i-alumina, i-aluminium oxide
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