1. Ubume kunye ne-Hydration Chemistry yeCalcium Aluminate Cement
1.1 Amanqanaba aPhambili kunye neMithombo yeMathiriyeli ekrwada
(I-Calcium Aluminate Concrete)
Ikhonkrithi ye-calcium aluminate (I-CAC) yimveliso yokwakha eyenziwe ngokwezifiso esekwe kwisamente ye-calcium aluminate (I-CAC), eyahluke kakhulu kwisamente yesixeko saseRose (OPC) kuzo zombini ukwakheka kunye nokusebenza.
Inqanaba eliphambili lokubopha kwi-CAC yi-monocalcium aluminate (CaO · Al ₂ O ezine okanye CA), ngokuqhelekileyo benza ama-40– 60% ye klinka, kunye nezinye izigaba ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate (C ₁₂ A ₇), calcium dialuminate (CA ₂), kunye nemiyinge emincinci ye-tetracalcium trialuminate sulfate (C EZINE AS).
Ezi zigaba ziveliswa ngokudibanisa i-bauxite ephezulu (intsimbi ekrwada ene-aluminiyam) kunye ne-limestone kwi-arc yombane okanye i-rotary kilns kumanqanaba obushushu phakathi 1300 ° C kunye 1600 °C, okukhokelela kwiklinka ethi emva koko igutywe ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-bauxite kuqinisekisa i-aluminium oxide ephezulu (Zimbini O ZIMBINI) umxholo– ngokwesiqhelo phakathi 35% kunye nama-80%– eyimfuneko kwimveliso ye-refractory kunye nezakhiwo zokuxhathisa iikhemikhali.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-OPC, exhomekeke kwi-calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) ukukhula kokuqina, I-CAC izuza amakhaya ayo oomatshini kunye nezigaba ze-calcium aluminate hydration, ukuphuhlisa isethi eyahlukileyo ye-hydrates kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-premium kwiindawo ezinobutshaba.
1.2 I-Hydration Mechanism kunye nokuPhumelela kokuqina
I-hydration ye-calcium aluminate concrete iyindawo, inkqubo yobushushu beqondo lokushisa ekhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-hydrates ene-metastable kunye nezinzile ngexesha.
Kumanqanaba obushushu adweliswe ngezantsi 20 °C, I-CA ifumisa ukuphuhlisa i-CAH ₁₀ (calcium aluminate decahydrate) kunye no-C 2 AH ₈ (dicalcium aluminate octahydrate), ezi zizigaba metastable ezibonelela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ubulukhuni kwangoko– rhoqo ukufikelela 50 MPa ngaphakathi 1 usuku.
Nangona kunjalo, kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-25– 30 °C, ezi hydrates ezinemetastable zingena kwinguqu ukuya kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo le-thermodynamically, C ₃ AH ₆ (ihydrogarnet), kunye ne-amorphous lightweight aluminium hydroxide (AH AMATHANDATHU), inkqubo ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengoguqulo.
Olu guqulelo lwehlisa ubungakanani obuqinileyo bezigaba zokufuma, ukuphakamisa ubume kunye nokonakalisa ikhonkrithi ngenye indlela ekhathalelwe ngokufanelekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha lokunyanga kunye nenkonzo.
Ixabiso kunye nobungakanani bokuguqulwa buphenjelelwa ngumlinganiselo wamanzi ukuya kwisamente, ubushushu bokuphilisa, kunye nokubonakala kwezongezo ezifana ne-silica fume okanye i-microsilica, enokunciphisa ilahleko yamandla ngokucokisa isakhelo sepore kunye nokukhuthaza iimpendulo zesibini.
Nangona ingozi yokuguqulwa, Ukufumana amandla okukhawulezayo kunye nokukwazi ukudiliza kwangethuba kwenza i-CAC ilungele amacandelo e-precast kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa imeko engxamisekileyo kwiindawo zokuseta..
( I-Calcium Aluminate Concrete)
2. Iimpawu zoMzimba kunye nezoomatshini phantsi kweeMeko eziBabekileyo
2.1 Ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuRefractoriness
Enye yezona zinto zicacileyo zekhonkrithi ye-calcium aluminate kukukwazi ukumelana neemeko ezishushu kakhulu, iyenza ibe lukhetho olucetyiswayo lwezixhobo zokufudumeza iiseli zerefractory kwizifudumezi zorhwebo, iziko, kunye nezitshisi.
Xa kushushu, I-CAC ifumana ingqokelela yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye neempendulo ze-sintering: hydrates ukubola phakathi 100 ° C kunye 300 °C, kulandelwa ukubunjwa kwezigaba ze-crystalline eziphakathi ezifana ne-CA ₂ kunye ne-melilite (gehlenite) ngaphaya 1000 °C.
Kumanqanaba obushushu adlulayo 1300 °C, iintlobo zesakhelo se-ceramic eshinyeneyo ngesigaba solwelo sintering, kubangela ukuqina okubonakalayo ukuchacha kunye nokhuseleko lobuninzi.
Le mikhwa ihluke kakhulu kunye nekhonkrithi esekwe kwi-OPC, edla ngokutshiza okanye yophuka 300 ° C ngenxa yokwakhiwa koxinzelelo lomphunga kunye nokubola kwezigaba ze-C-S-H.
Iikhonkrithi ezisekelwe kwi-CAC zinokugcina amanqanaba obushushu esisombululo esiqhubekayo malunga 1400 °C, ukuxhomekeka kudidi oludityanisiweyo kunye nesisombululo, kwaye zisetyenziswa rhoqo ngokudityaniswa nokuqokelelwa kwe-refractory njenge-calcined bauxite, chamotte, okanye i-mullite ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal.
2.2 Ukuchasa uqhankqalazo lweMichiza kunye nomhlwa
Ikhonkrithi ye-calcium aluminate ibonisa ukuchasana okubalaseleyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, ngokukodwa iingxaki ze-acidic kunye ne-sulfate-rich apho i-OPC inokuthoba ngokukhawuleza.
Izigaba ze-alumine ezifumile zizinzile ngakumbi kwi-atmospheres ye-pH ephantsi, eyenza i-CAC imelane nogwayimbo lweasidi evela kwimithombo efana nesalfuric, hydrochloric, kunye neeasidi eziphilayo– eqhelekileyo kwizityalo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka, amaziko okulungisa imichiza, kunye nemisebenzi yemigodi.
Ukongeza, ikhuselekile kakhulu kuhlaselo lwesulfate, ingcambu ebalulekileyo yomonakalo wekhonkrithi ye-OPC kwimihlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo okuhlala emanzini, ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-calcium hydroxide (Portlanders) kunye nezigaba ettringite-ukwenza.
Ngaphaya koko, I-CAC ibonisa ukunyibilika okuphantsi kwamanzi olwandle kunye nokuchasana nokungena kwe-chloride ion, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuxhasa umhlwa kwiindawo ezinobutshaba zaselwandle.
Ezi zakhiwo zokuhlala okanye zorhwebo zenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwi-linings kwi-biogas digesters, iitanki zentengiso yepulp kunye nephepha, kunye neenkqubo ze-flue gas desulfurization apho zombini iikhemikhali kunye noxinzelelo lwe-thermal zikhona.
3. Ulwakhiwo lweMicrostructure kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide
3.1 Ulwakhiwo lwePore kunye nokuGcina
Ukuqina kwekhonkrithi ye-calcium aluminate idityaniswe ngokusondeleyo ne-microstructure yayo, ngokukodwa unikezelo lobungakanani bepore kunye noqhagamshelwano.
I-CAC entsha efumileyo ibonisa isakhelo sepore ecikizekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-OPC, ngeepores zejeli kunye ne-capillary pores yongeza ukuvuza okusezantsi kwisakhiwo kunye nokunyusa ukuchasana nokungena kwe-ion..
Nangona kunjalo, njengenkqubela phambili yoguqulo, Ukuqina kwesakhiwo sepore ngenxa yoxinaniso lwe-C THREE AH ₆ kunokwandisa ukungeneka ukuba ikhonkrithi ayinyangekanga okanye ayikhuselwanga..
Ukongezwa kweemveliso ezisebenzayo ze-aluminosilicate, ezifana nothuthu lwempukane okanye i-metakaolin, inokuphucula ubomi obude ngokutya ikalika yasimahla kunye nokuphuhlisa i-hydrate eyongezelelweyo ye-calcium aluminosilicate (C-A-S-H) izigaba ezicokisa i-microstructure.
Ukuphilisa ngokufanelekileyo– ukunyanga okufumileyo ngokukodwa kumaqondo obushushu alawulwayo– Kubalulekile ukuhlehlisa uguqulo kwaye uvumele ukukhula kobunzima, imatrix engangeneki.
3.2 Ukothuka kweThermal kunye noKuchasana nokuSpalling
Ukumelana nokothuka kwe-Thermal yeyona metric esebenzayo kwiimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ekhaya kunye ne-atmosphere yokupholisa.
Ikhonkrithi ye-calcium aluminate, ngakumbi xa iphuhliswe ngomxholo we-samente ephantsi kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-refractory accumulation, ibonisa ukuxhathisa okukhethekileyo kwi-spalling eshushu ngenxa yokunciphisa i-coefficient yayo yokwanda kwe-thermal kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal ehambelana nezinye iikhonkrithi eziphikisayo..
Ubukho be-microcracks kunye ne-porosity edibeneyo ivumela ukuphumla koxinzelelo kulo lonke uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo lwenqanaba lobushushu, ukukhusela kwicrack ebuhlungu.
Inkxaso yeFayibha– usebenzisa intsimbi, polypropylene, okanye i-basalt fibers– ngakumbi kwandisa ukuqina kunye nokwahlulwa kokumelana, specifically throughout the first heat-up stage of commercial linings.
These features guarantee long service life in applications such as ladle cellular linings in steelmaking, rotating kilns in concrete manufacturing, and petrochemical crackers.
4. Industrial Applications and Future Development Trends
4.1 Key Markets and Architectural Utilizes
Calcium aluminate concrete is important in industries where conventional concrete stops working because of thermal or chemical exposure.
In the steel and foundry sectors, it is used for monolithic linings in ladles, tundishes, and saturating pits, where it stands up to liquified steel call and thermal cycling.
In waste incineration plants, CAC-based refractory castables secure boiler wall surfaces from acidic flue gases and unpleasant fly ash at elevated temperature levels.
Isakhelo samanzi amdaka eluntwini sisebenzisa iCAC kwimingxuma, iitheminali zokumpompa, kunye nemibhobho yogutyulo evezwe kwi-biogenic sulfuric acid, Ukwandisa kakhulu ubude bobomi xa kuthelekiswa ne-OPC.
Kananjalo ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zenkonzo yokulungisa ngokukhawuleza koohola beendlela, iibhulorho, kunye neenqwelomoya zeenqwelomoya, apho ukusetwa kwayo ngokukhawuleza indalo ivumela ukuphinda kuqalise usuku olunye kwitrafikhi yewebhusayithi.
4.2 Ukuzinza kunye noKuqulunqwa okuPhezulu
Nokuba zeziphi iinzuzo zayo zokusebenza, Imveliso yesamente ye-calcium aluminate ithatha amandla kwaye ine-carbon footprint enkulu kune-OPC ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu..
Uphononongo oluqhubekayo lujolise ekunciphiseni isiphumo sokusingqongileyo ngokutshintshwa ngokuyinxenye kunye ne-industrial spin-offs, njengenkunkuma ye-aluminiyam okanye i-slag, kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweziko.
Iifomula ezintsha ezidibanisa i-nanomaterials, njenge-nano-alumina okanye i-carbon nanotubes, injongo yokonyusa amandla kwangethuba, intshabalalo ephantsi enxulumene nokuguqulwa, kunye nokwandisa izithintelo lobushushu isisombululo.
Ukongeza, ukukhula kwesamente ephantsi kunye ne-ultra-low-low-cement refractory castables (Ii-ULCCs) iphucula ukuxinana, amandla, kunye nokuqina ngokunciphisa ubungakanani be-matrix ephendulayo ngelixa usenza uninzi lonxibelelwano oluqokelelweyo..
Njengoko iinkqubo zorhwebo zifuna iimveliso ezixhathisayo, Ikhonkrithi ye-calcium aluminate iyaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili njengelitye lembombo lokusebenza okuphezulu, isakhiwo esinamandla kunye nokwakhiwa kwezona ndawo zinzima kakhulu.
Kushwankathelo, ikhonkrithi ye-calcium aluminate idibanisa ukuqhubela phambili kokuqina ngokukhawuleza, ukhuseleko lobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali ezibalaseleyo, ukuyenza ibe yimathiriyeli ebalulekileyo kwizibonelelo eziphantsi kweengxaki ezishushu kakhulu kunye nobunzima.
I-chemistry yayo ekhethekileyo ye-hydration kunye nophuhliso lwe-microstructural lufuna ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kunye nesitayela, nangona kunjalo xa isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, inikeza ubunzima obungenakulinganiswa kunye nokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko kwizicelo zorhwebo kwihlabathi jikelele.
5. Umboneleli
I-Cabr-Concrete ngumboneleli phantsi kweTRUNNO yeCalcium Aluminate Cement ene-over 12 iminyaka yamava kwi-nano-building energy yogcino kunye nophuhliso lwe-nanotechnology. Iyayamkela intlawulo ngekhadi letyala, T/T, I-West Union kunye ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO iya kuthumela iimpahla kubathengi phesheya ngokusebenzisa i-FedEx, DHL, ngomoya, okanye ngolwandle. Ukuba ukhangela i-aluminate samente, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwaye uthumele umbuzo. (
Iithegi: calcium aluminate,calcium aluminate,i-aluminate samente
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