1. Isakhiwo kanye neHydration Chemistry yeCalcium Aluminate Cement
1.1 Izigaba Eziyinhloko kanye Nemithombo Yezinto Ezingavuthiwe
(I-Calcium Aluminate Concrete)
Ukhonkolo we-calcium aluminate (I-CAC) iwumkhiqizo wokwakha owenziwe ngokwezifiso osuselwa kusimende we-calcium aluminate (I-CAC), ehluke kakhulu kusimende ojwayelekile we-Rose city (I-OPC) kukho kokubili ukwakheka nokusebenza.
Isiteji esikhulu sokubopha ku-CAC i-monocalcium aluminate (CaO · Al ₂ O Four noma CA), ngokuvamile 40– 60% kwe-clinker, kanye nezinye izigaba ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate (C ₁₂ A ₇), i-calcium dialuminate (I-CA ₂), kanye nenani elincane le-tetracalcium trialuminate sulfate (C EZINE NJENGOBA).
Lezi zigaba zikhiqizwa ngokuhlanganisa i-high-purity bauxite (insimbi enothe nge-aluminium) kanye ne-limestone ku-arc kagesi noma kuma-rotary kilns emazingeni okushisa phakathi 1300 ° C futhi 1600 °C, okuholela ku-clinker egaywa kamuva ibe impushana ecolekileyo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-bauxite kuqinisekisa i-aluminium oxide ephezulu (Kubili O TWO) okuqukethwe– ngokuvamile phakathi 35% kanye no-80%– which is necessary for the product’s refractory and chemical resistance buildings.
Unlike OPC, which relies upon calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) for stamina growth, CAC gains its mechanical homes with the hydration of calcium aluminate stages, developing a distinct set of hydrates with premium efficiency in hostile environments.
1.2 Hydration Mechanism and Toughness Advancement
The hydration of calcium aluminate concrete is a facility, temperature-sensitive procedure that leads to the development of metastable and steady hydrates in time.
At temperature levels listed below 20 °C, CA moisturizes to develop CAH ₁₀ (calcium aluminate decahydrate) and C TWO AH ₈ (dicalcium aluminate octahydrate), which are metastable phases that offer rapid very early toughness– often attaining 50 MPa within 1 day.
Nokho, at temperatures over 25– 30 °C, lawa ma-hydrates ane-metastable enza uguquko aye esigabeni esivikelekile se-thermodynamically, C ₃ AH ₆ (i-hydrogarnet), kanye ne-amorphous lightweight aluminium hydroxide (AH ESITHUPHA), inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kwehlisa inani eliqinile lezigaba zomswakama, ukukhulisa ukuqina kanye nokulimaza ukhonkolo okunakekelwa ngokufanelekile kulo lonke ukwelapha kanye nesevisi.
Inani kanye nezinga lokuguqulwa kuthonywa isilinganiso samanzi ukuya kusimende, izinga lokushisa lokuphulukisa, kanye nokubonakala kwezithasiselo ezifana ne-silica fume noma i-microsilica, okunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa amandla ngokucwenga uhlaka lwama-pore kanye nokukhuthaza izimpendulo zesibili.
Naphezu kwengozi yokuguqulwa, ukuzuza okusheshayo kokuqina kanye nekhono lokudiliza kusenesikhathi kwenza i-CAC ifanelekele izingxenye ze-precast kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo ekusethweni kwezimboni.
( I-Calcium Aluminate Concrete)
2. Izici Zomzimba Nezomshini Ngaphansi Kwezimo Ezidlulele
2.1 Ukusebenza Kwezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu kanye Nokuqina
Esinye sezici ezichaza kakhulu ukhonkolo we-calcium aluminate amandla ayo okumelana nezimo ezishisayo ezishisayo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okunconyiwe kwezingqimba zamaselula eziphikisayo kumahitha okuhweba, iziko, kanye nezishisi.
Uma kushisa, I-CAC ithola iqoqo lokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni kanye nezimpendulo ze-sintering: ama-hydrates abola phakathi 100 ° C futhi 300 °C, kulandelwa ukwakheka kwezigaba zekristalu ezimaphakathi ezifana ne-CA ₂ ne-melite (gehlenite) phezu 1000 °C.
Emazingeni okushisa ayadlula 1300 °C, izinhlobo zohlaka oluminyene lwe-ceramic ngokusebenzisa i-liquid-phase sintering, causing significant toughness recuperation and quantity security.
This habits contrasts dramatically with OPC-based concrete, which generally spalls or breaks down over 300 ° C as a result of vapor stress buildup and decomposition of C-S-H phases.
CAC-based concretes can maintain continual solution temperature levels approximately 1400 °C, relying on aggregate type and solution, and are frequently made use of in combination with refractory accumulations like calcined bauxite, chamotte, or mullite to improve thermal shock resistance.
2.2 Resistance to Chemical Strike and Rust
Calcium aluminate concrete exhibits outstanding resistance to a wide variety of chemical settings, specifically acidic and sulfate-rich problems where OPC would swiftly degrade.
The moisturized aluminate phases are more steady in low-pH atmospheres, okwenza i-CAC imelane nesiteleka se-asidi esivela emithonjeni efana ne-sulfuric, i-hydrochloric, kanye nama-organic acid– evamile ezitshalweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, izikhungo zokucubungula amakhemikhali, kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivikela kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwe-sulfate, Imbangela ebalulekile yokulimala kukakhonkolo we-OPC enhlabathini nasezindaweni zasemanzini, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium hydroxide (Portlanders) kanye nezigaba ze-ettringite-forming.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-CAC ikhombisa ukuncibilika okuphansi emanzini olwandle kanye nokumelana nokungenwa kwe-ion ye-chloride, ukunciphisa ingozi yokugqwala kokusekela ezindaweni zasolwandle ezinobutha.
Lezi zakhiwo zokuhlala noma ezohwebo zikwenza kube kuhle kuma-linings kuma-biogas digesters, amathangi emakethe ye-pulp kanye nephepha, kanye nezinhlelo ze-flue gas desulfurization lapho kukhona kokubili ukucindezeleka kwamakhemikhali nokushisa.
3. I-Microstructure kanye Nezimfanelo Zokuqina
3.1 Isakhiwo Sezimbotshana kanye Nokuqina
Ukuqina kukakhonkolo we-calcium aluminate kuxhumene kakhulu ne-microstructure yayo, ikakhulukazi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-pore dimension kanye nokuxhumana.
I-CAC entsha eswakeme ibonisa uhlaka lwembotshana olungcono uma luqhathaniswa ne-OPC, ngama-gel pores kanye nama-capillary pores anezela ukuvuza okuphansi esakhiweni futhi athuthukise ukumelana nokungena kwe-ion okunamandla..
Noma kunjalo, njengokuthuthuka kokuguqulwa, ukuqina kwesakhiwo se-pore ngenxa yokuqina kwe-C THREE AH ₆ kungathuthukisa ukungena uma ukhonkolo ungelapheki kahle noma uvikelekile..
Ukwengezwa kwemikhiqizo esebenzayo ye-aluminosilicate, njenge-fly ash noma i-metakaolin, ingathuthukisa impilo ehlala isikhathi eside ngokudla i-lime yamahhala futhi ithuthukise i-calcium aluminosilicate hydrate eyengeziwe (C-A-S-H) izigaba ezicwenga i-microstructure.
Ukwelashwa okufanele– ikakhulukazi ukwelapha okumanzi emazingeni okushisa alawulwayo– kubalulekile ukuhlehlisa ukuguqulwa futhi uvumele ukukhula kogqinsi, i-matrix engangeneki.
3.2 I-Thermal Shock kanye Nokumelana Ne-Spalling
Ukumelana nokushaqeka kwe-thermal kuyimethrikhi esebenzayo ebalulekile emikhiqizweni esetshenziswa ekushisiseni okujikelezayo kwekhaya nasezimo zokupholisa.
Ukhonkolo we-calcium aluminate, ikakhulukazi uma ithuthukiswe ngokuqukethwe kukasimende ophansi kanye nevolumu yokunqwabelana ephezulu ye-refractory, ikhombisa ukumelana ne-thermal spalling ngenxa yokwehliswa kwe-coefficient yayo yokwanda kwe-thermal kanye ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amakhonkrithi aphikisayo..
Ukuba khona kwama-microcracks kanye ne-porosity exhumene kuvumela ukuphumula kokukhathazeka phakathi nokulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, ukuvikela ngokumelene nemifantu edabukisayo.
Ukwesekwa kwe-Fiber– usebenzisa insimbi, i-polypropylene, noma imicu ye-basalt– okuningi kuqinisa ukuqina nokumelana nokuhlukana, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesigaba sokuqala sokushisa sezintambo zezentengiselwano.
Lezi zici ziqinisekisa impilo ende yesevisi ezinhlelweni ezifana namalayini eselula e-ladle ekwenzeni insimbi, ama-kilns ajikelezayo ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo, kanye nama-crackers e-petrochemical.
4. Izicelo Zezimboni kanye Nezitayela Zokuthuthukiswa Kwekusasa
4.1 Izimakethe Ezimqoka Nokusetshenziswa Kwezakhiwo
Ukhonkolo we-calcium aluminate ubalulekile ezimbonini lapho ukhonkolo ovamile uyeka ukusebenza ngenxa yokuchayeka okushisayo noma kwamakhemikhali..
Emikhakheni yensimbi neyesisekelo, isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-monolithic kuma-ladles, emakilasini, nemigodi esuthisayo, lapho isukuma ukuze ibize insimbi ewuketshezi kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo.
Ezitshalweni zokushiswa kwemfucuza, I-CAC-based refractory castables evikela udonga lwamabhayela kusuka kumagesi ane-acidic flue kanye nomlotha wempukane ongemuhle kumazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Uhlaka lwamanzi angcolile lomphakathi lusebenzisa i-CAC emigodini, amatheminali amaphampu, namapayipi endle achayeke ku-biogenic sulfuric acid, isikhathi sokuphila esanda kakhulu siqhathaniswa ne-OPC.
Iphinde isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokulungisa ngokushesha imigwaqo enguthelawayeka, amabhuloho, kanye nemigwaqo yezindiza, lapho imvelo yayo yokusetha ngokushesha ivumela ukuqalisa kabusha kosuku olufanayo kuthrafikhi yewebhusayithi.
4.2 Ukusimama kanye Nezimo Ezithuthukile
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zayo zokusebenza, ukukhiqizwa kukasimende we-calcium aluminate kudla amandla futhi kune-carbon footprint enkulu kune-OPC ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu..
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lugxile ekwehliseni umphumela wemvelo ngokushintshana kancane nokushintshashintsha kwezimboni, njengensimbi ye-aluminium noma i-slag, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kweziko.
Amafomula amasha ahlanganisa ama-nanomaterials, njenge-nano-alumina noma i-carbon nanotubes, inhloso yokukhulisa amandla okuqala, ukucekelwa phansi okuhlobene nokuguqulwa, futhi wandise imikhawulo yezinga lokushisa lesixazululo.
Ukwengeza, ukukhula kukasimende ophansi kanye ne-ultra-low-low-cement refractory (Ama-ULCC) kuthuthukisa ukuminyana, amandla, kanye nokuqina ngokunciphisa inani le-matrix esabelayo kuyilapho usebenzisa ngokugcwele ukuxhuma okuqoqiwe.
Njengoba izinqubo zezentengiselwano zidinga imikhiqizo eyengeziwe engazweli, Ukhonkolo we-calcium aluminate uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka njengetshe legumbi lokusebenza okuphezulu, ukwakha nokwakha okuqinile ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Ngokufingqa, Ukhonkolo we-calcium aluminate uhlanganisa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kokuqina, ukuphepha kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali okuvelele, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile ezikhungweni ezibhekene nezinkinga ezishisayo nezinokhahlo.
Ikhemikhali yayo ye-hydration eyingqayizivele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-microstructural kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nesitayela, nokho uma sisetshenziswa ngempumelelo, inikeza ukuqina okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuphepha nokuphepha ezinhlelweni zezentengiselwano emhlabeni jikelele.
5. Umhlinzeki
I-Cabr-Concrete ingumphakeli ngaphansi kwe-TRUNNO ye-Calcium Aluminate Cement ene-over 12 Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-nano-building energy ukongiwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology. Yamukela inkokhelo ngekhadi lesikweletu, T/T, I-West Union ne-Paypal. I-TRUNNO izothumela izimpahla kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle nge-FedEx, I-DHL, ngomoya, noma ngolwandle. Uma ufuna usimende we-aluminate, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi uthumele uphenyo. (
Omaka: i-calcium aluminate,i-calcium aluminate,usimende we-aluminate
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