1. I-Crystal Framework kanye ne-Split Anisotropy
1.1 I-2H kanye ne-1T Polymorphs: I-Architectural and Digital Duality
(I-Molybdenum Disulfide)
I-Molybdenum disulfide (I-MoS ₂) iyi-split shift metal dichalcogenide (I-TMD) enefomula yamakhemikhali ehlanganisa i-athomu eyodwa ye-molybdenum ehlanganiswe phakathi 2 ama-athomu esibabule ku-sychronisation ye-prismatic trigonal, ukwakha i-covalently bonded S– Mo– S amashidi.
Lawa ma-monolayers angasese anqwabelene phezulu naphansi futhi aphethwe yizingcindezi ezibuthakathaka ze-van der Waals, okuvumela ukushear kwe-interlayer elula kanye ne-exfoliation ukuthi ibe mncane nge-athomu enezinhlangothi ezimbili (2D) amakristalu– isici sesakhiwo esiyinhloko ezindimeni zayo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
I-MoS yesibili ikhona ngezinhlobo eziningana ze-polymorphic, okuvikeleke kakhulu kwe-thermodynamically yisigaba se-semiconducting 2H (ibhalansi ene-hexagonal), lapho ungqimba ngalunye lubonisa ibhendi eqondile ye ~ 1.8 I-eV ohlotsheni lwe-monolayer eshintshela ku-bandgap engaqondile (~ 1.3 eV) ngobuningi, umuzwa obalulekile wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-optoelectronic.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi, isigaba se-metastable 1T (ingxenye ye-tetragonal) yamukela i-octahedral sychronisation futhi iziphatha njengomqhubi wensimbi ngenxa yomnikelo we-electron ovela kuma-athomu esibabule, ukunika amandla izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-electrocatalysis kanye nezinhlanganisela zokuqhuba.
Izinguquko zesigaba phakathi kwe-2H ne-1T zingangeniswa ngamakhemikhali, electrochemically, noma nge-stress design, ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo oluvunwayo lokudala amadivaysi anemisebenzi eminingi.
Amandla okusekela nokuphethini lezi zigaba ngokwendawo ngaphakathi kwe-flake eyodwa avula izindlela ze-heterostructures esendizeni enezizinda ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukile..
1.2 Amaphutha, I-Doping, kanye neSide States
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-MoS ezimbili ezinhlelweni ze-catalytic nezedijithali kuzwela kakhulu ezindabeni zesikali se-athomu kanye nama-dopants.
Amaphutha emvelo afana nemisebenzi yesibabule asebenza njengabanikeli be-electron, ukukhulisa ukuqhutshwa kohlobo lwe-n nokusebenza njengamawebhusayithi asebenzayo ezimpendulo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-hydrogen (WAKHE) ekuhlukaniseni amanzi.
Imingcele yokusanhlamvu kanye nezinkinga zomugqa zingaphazamisa ukuthutha kwezindleko noma kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokuqondisa zendawo, kuye ngokusetha kwawo kwe-athomu.
I-doping elawulwayo enezinsimbi zokushintsha (isib., Re, Nb) noma ama-chalcogens (isib., Se) inika amandla ukucushwa kahle kwesakhiwo sebhendi, ukugxila komhlinzeki wesevisi, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlanganisa i-spin-orbit.
Ngokuphawulekayo, emaphethelweni e-MoS ama-nanosheet amabili, ikakhulukazi i-metal Mo-terinated (10– 10) izinhlangothi, bonisa umsebenzi we-catalytic ophakeme kakhulu kunendiza ye-inert basal, ukugqugquzela ukwakheka kwama-nanostructured abashayeli abasebenzisa kangcono ukuchayeka okuqondile onqenqemeni.
( I-Molybdenum Disulfide)
Lawa masistimu akhiwe ngamaphutha ayisibonelo sangempela sokuthi ukukhwabanisa kweleveli ye-athomu kungashintsha kanjani amaminerali avele ngokwemvelo abe umkhiqizo owusizo osebenza kahle kakhulu..
2. I-Synthesis kanye Nanofabrication Strategies
2.1 Amasu Okukhiqiza Amafilimu Enqwaba kanye Namazacile
I-molybdenite yemvelo, uhlobo lwamaminerali lwe-MoS ₂, sekuyiminyaka isetshenziswa njengesithambiso esinamandla, nokho izinhlelo zokusebenza zanamuhla zifuna ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, amafomu okwenziwa alawulwa ngokwesakhiwo.
Ukufakwa komhwamuko wamakhemikhali (I-CVD) kuyindlela ehamba phambili yokwakha indawo enkulu, i-high-crystallinity monolayer namamuvi we-MoS ₂ anezingqimba ezimbalwa kuma-substrates afana ne-SiO TWO/Si, isafire, noma ama-polymers aguquguqukayo.
Ku-CVD, i-molybdenum ne-sulphur precursors (isib., I-MoO four ne-S powder) ayahwamuka lapho kushisa (700– 1000 °C )ezindaweni zokulawula, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ekukhuleni kwesendlalelo ngesendlalelo ngosayizi wesizinda esiguqulekayo kanye nokumayo.
Ukucwecwa ngomshini (“indlela ye-scotch tape”) ihlala iyindinganiso yezibonelo zebanga locwaningo, ukukhiqiza ama-monolayers ahlanzeke kakhulu anamaphutha asemaceleni, nakuba ingenayo i-scalability.
Ukucwecwa kwesigaba samanzi, kufaka phakathi ukuxutshwa kwe-sonication noma i-shear yamakristalu ayinqwaba kuzinyibilikisi noma amakhambi asetshenziswayo, ikhiqiza ama-colloidal dispersions ama-nanosheet anezendlalelo ezimbalwa afanele izendlalelo, izinhlanganisela, kanye nokwakheka kukayinki.
2.2 I-Heterostructure Assimilation kanye ne-Tool Patterning
Amathuba wangempela we-MoS ₂ avela lapho ehlanganiswa ngqo kuma-heterostructures ame mpo noma aseceleni nezinye izinto ze-2D ezifana ne-graphene., i-boron nitride ene-hexagonal (h-BN), noma i-WSe ezimbili.
Lezi zakhiwo ze-van der Waals zenza kube lula ukuklanywa kwamagajethi anembe nge-athomu., ehlanganisa i-tunnel transistors, ama-photodetectors, nama-diode akhipha ukukhanya (Ama-LED), lapho ukushajwa kwe-interlayer nokudluliswa kwamandla kungakhiwa khona.
Izindlela ze-lithographic zokwenziwa kwephethini kanye ne-etching zivumela ukwakhiwa kwama-nanoribbons, amachashazi e-quantum, kanye nama-transistors asebenza ensimini (Ama-FET) ngobude benethiwekhi obufika emashumini ama-nanometer.
I-Dielectric encapsulation ne-h-BN ivikela i-MoS ₂ ekubhujisweni kwemvelo futhi kunciphisa ukuhlakazwa kwezindleko, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunyakaza komhlinzeki nokuzinza kwegajethi.
Lokhu kuphumelela komkhiqizi kubalulekile ekushintsheni i-MoS ₂ isuka enzuzweni yelebhu iye engxenyeni enokwenzeka yesizukulwane esilandelayo se-nanoelectronics..
3. Izici Zokusebenza kanye Nezinqubo Zomzimba
3.1 Imikhuba ye-Tribological kanye Nokugcotshwa Okuqinile
Phakathi kwezicelo ezindala nezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ze-MoS ezimbili zifana ne-lube eyomile eqinile ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho uwoyela owuketshezi ehluleka khona.– njenge-vacuum cleaner, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, noma izinkinga ze-cryogenic.
I-interlayer shear stamina encishisiwe yesikhala se-van der Waals yenza kube lula ukuslayida phakathi kwe-S– Mo– S izendlalelo, okwenza i-coefficient yokuhlikihla yehliswe njengo-0.03– 0.06 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.
Ukusebenza kwayo kuthuthukiswa futhi ukunamathela okuqinile ezindaweni zensimbi kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation kuze kufike ku- ~ 350 ° C emoyeni, okungaphezu kwalokho ukwakheka kwe-MoO ₃ kwandisa ukuguga.
I-MoS ₂ ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace, amaphampu vacuum, kanye nezingxenye zesibhamu, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengesembozo ngokushisa, ukuphalaza, noma ukuhlanganiswa okuyinhlanganisela kube umatikuletsheni we-polymer.
Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi umswakama ungonakalisa ukuthambisa ngokuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwe-interlayer, isifundo esikhuthazayo sibe yizingqimba ze-hydrophobic noma izinto zokugcoba ezixubile ukuze kuvikeleke imvelo okungcono.
3.2 Ukusabela Kwedijithali kanye ne-Optoelectronic
Njengesemiconductor enegebe eliqondile kwifomu le-monolayer, I-MoS ₂ ibonisa ukuxhumana okuqinile kokukhanya, ngama-coefficients wokumunca edlula 10 ⁵ amasentimitha ⁻¹ kanye nesivuno esiphezulu se-quantum ku-photoluminescence.
Lokhu kuyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu kuma-photodetectors e-ultrathin anezikhathi zokusabela okusheshayo nokuzwela kwe-broadband, kusuka kokubonakalayo kuye kumaza aseduze ne-infrared.
Ama-transistors we-Field-effect asekelwe ku-monolayer MoS amabili abonisa izilinganiso zokuvula/ukuvala > 10 eziyisishiyagalombili kanye nezimo zomhlinzeki wesevisi cishe 500 amasentimitha ²/ V · s kumasampuli amisiwe, nakuba ukuxhumana kwe-substrate kuvame ukukhawulela amanani asebenzayo ku-1– 20 cm LESIBILI/ V · s.
I-Spin-valley ihlanganisa, umphumela wokusebenzelana okuqinile kwe-spin-obhithi kanye nengxenye yokuguqulwa kwe-busted, yenza kube nokwenzeka kuma-valleytronics– izinga eliyingqayizivele lolwazi olufaka ukusetshenziswa kwedigri ye-valley of liberty egumbini lamandla.
Lezi zinzwa ze-quantum zibeka i-MoS ₂ njengekhandidethi le-logic yamandla aphansi, inkumbulo, kanye nezakhi zekhompyutha ze-quantum.
4. Izinhlelo zokusebenza Ezinamandla, I-Catalysis, kanye ne-Arising Technologies
4.1 Electrocatalysis for Hydrogen Advancement Response (WAKHE)
I-MoS yesibili isiphenduke enye indlela ekhuthazayo engeyona igugu kuneplatinamu ekuphenduleni kwe-hydrogen (WAKHE), inqubo ebalulekile ku-electrolysis yamanzi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen enobungani bemvelo.
Ngenkathi indiza eyisisekelo i-catalytically inert, amasayithi asemaphethelweni nemisebenzi yesibabule abonisa i-hydrogen adsorption eseduze kakhulu namandla amahhala (ΔG_H * ≈ 0), kuqhathaniswa nePt.
Izindlela ze-Nanostructuring– njengokwenza ama-nanosheet aqonde ngqo, amafilimu anothile ngamaphutha, noma ama-hybrids ane-Ni noma i-Co– sebenzisa ngokugcwele ukushuba kwendawo esebenzayo kanye ne-conductivity kagesi.
Lapho ehlanganiswa nama-electrode anezigcina- conductive ezifana ne-carbon nanotubes noma i-graphene, I-MoS yesibili ithola ukushuba okuphezulu kwamanje nokuvikeleka okuhlala njalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic noma ezingathathi hlangothi.
Ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kufezwa ngokugcina isiteji sensimbi 1T, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwangaphakathi futhi kwembule amasayithi asebenzayo engeziwe.
4.2 I-Electronics Eguquguqukayo, Izinzwa, kanye namadivayisi e-Quantum
Ukuguquguquka kwemishini, ukuvuleka, kanye nengxenye ephezulu ukusuka phezulu kuye kuvolumu ye-MoS emibili iyenza ilungele izinto zikagesi eziguquguqukayo nezigqokekayo.
Ama-Transistors, izifunda ezinengqondo, kanye namagajethi enkumbulo abonisiwe kuma-substratum epulasitiki, ukunika amandla izikrini zokubonisa ezigobekayo, imibukiso yezempilo, kanye nezinzwa ze-IoT.
Izinzwa zegesi ezisekelwe ku-MoS ₂ zibonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu kokuthi CHA ₂, NH EZINTATHU, kanye no-H TWO O ngenxa yokudluliswa kwebhili ku-adsorption yamangqamuzana, ngezikhathi zempendulo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-sub-second.
Ngobuchwepheshe besimanje be-quantum, I-MoS ₂ isingatha ama-exciton nama-trions enziwe endawo emazingeni okushisa e-cryogenic, kanye nezindawo ze-pseudomagnetic ezibangelwa ubunzima zingabamba abahlinzeki besevisi, ukuvumela ama-emitters e-photon eyodwa namachashazi we-quantum.
Lokhu kukhula kugqamisa i-MoS emibili hhayi nje njengento ewusizo kodwa njengohlelo lokuhlola i-physics ebalulekile ngobukhulu obunciphile..
Ngokufingqa, I-molybdenum disulfide iyisibonelo sokuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo yakudala ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nomklamo we-quantum.
Kusukela endimeni yayo yasendulo njengento yokugcoba kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwesimanje kumishini kagesi emincane ye-athomu kanye nezinhlelo zamandla, I-MoS yesibili iyaqhubeka nokuchaza kabusha imingcele yalokho okungenzeka ekwakhiweni kwezinto ze-nanoscale.
Njenge-synthesis, ukwenziwa kwezinhlamvu, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokufanisa, umthelela wawo kulo lonke ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje bubekwe ukuthi bunwebeke nakakhulu.
5. Umsabalalisi
I-TRUNANO ingumkhiqizi owaziwa umhlaba wonke we-Molybdenum Disulfide futhi ehlinzeka ngezinhlanganisela ezingaphezu kwe 12 iminyaka yobungcweti bekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yama-nanomaterials namanye amakhemikhali. Le nkampani ithuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziyimpuphu namakhemikhali. Nikeza isevisi ye-OEM. Uma udinga iMolybdenum Disulfide yekhwalithi ephezulu, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi. Ungachofoza umkhiqizo ukuze uxhumane nathi.
Omaka: I-Molybdenum Disulfide, I-nano molybdenum disulfide, I-MoS2
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